Structure et fonctions sécrétoires de l'épithélium respiratoire

Jacquot, Jacky; Spilmont, Christophe; Bentzmann, Sophie de; Et, F. Dupuit; Puchelle, Édith

doi:10.3109/13813459209000712

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The long-term evolutionary relationship between alphaherpesviruses and their hosts has led to the development of several innate mucosal barriers in the latter. These barriers include the mucus layer, the mucociliary escalator, firm intercellular connections and the production of several antimicrobial peptides 2 . Mucus forms the first layer of defence against incoming pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to a main alphaherpesvirus receptor, located basolaterally in the respiratory epithelium, is masked by intercellular junctions

Cleemput

Poelaert

Laval

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The respiratory epithelium of humans and animals is frequently exposed to alphaherpesviruses, originating from either external exposure or reactivation from latency. To date, the polarity of alphaherpesvirus infection in the respiratory epithelium and the role of respiratory epithelial integrity herein has not been studied. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1), a well-known member of the alphaherpesvirus family, was used to infect equine respiratory mucosal explants and primary equine respiratory epithelial cells (EREC), grown at the air-liquid interface. EHV1 binding to and infection of mucosal explants was greatly enhanced upon destruction of the respiratory epithelium integrity with EGTA or N-acetylcysteine. EHV1 preferentially bound to and entered EREC at basolateral cell surfaces. Restriction of infection via apical inoculation was overcome by disruption of intercellular junctions. Finally, basolateral but not apical EHV1 infection of EREC was dependent on cellular N-linked glycans. Overall, our findings demonstrate that integrity of the respiratory epithelium is crucial in the host’s innate defence against primary alphaherpesvirus infections. In addition, by targeting a basolaterally located receptor in the respiratory epithelium, alphaherpesviruses have generated a strategy to efficiently escape from host defence mechanisms during reactivation from latency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to a main alphaherpesvirus receptor, located basolaterally in the respiratory epithelium, is masked by intercellular junctions

Cleemput

Poelaert

Laval

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…There are several innate mucosal barriers between gammaherpesviruses and their hosts, which include the mucus layer, the mucociliary escalator, antimicrobial peptides and firm intercellular connections [5]. The airway surface liquid (ASL), often referred to as mucus, is the first layer of defense against incoming pathogens through mucociliary clearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gammaherpesvirus BoHV-4 infects bovine respiratory epithelial cells mainly at the basolateral side

Yang

Xie

Cleemput

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus that is widespread in cattle. However, only a few studies about the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 primary infection have been reported. In the present study, ex vivo models with bovine nasal and tracheal mucosa explants were used to study the cellular BoHV-4-host interactions. Infection was observed in nasal but not in tracheal epithelial cells. To find a possible correlation between the integrity and restricted infection of the respiratory epithelium, both nasal mucosal and tracheal explants were treated with EGTA, a drug that disrupts the intercellular junctions, before inoculation. The infection was analyzed based on the number of plaques, plaque latitude and number of infected single cells, as determined by immunofluorescence. BoHV-4 infection in nasal mucosal explants was enhanced upon opening the tight junctions with EGTA. Infection in tracheal explants was only found after treatment with EGTA. In addition, primary bovine respiratory epithelial cells (BREC) were isolated, grown at the air–liquid interface and infected either at the apical or basolateral side by BoHV-4. The results showed that BoHV-4 preferentially bound to and entered BREC at the basolateral surfaces of both nasal and tracheal epithelial cells. The percentage of BoHV-4 infection was significantly increased both from nasal and tracheal epithelial cells after treatment with EGTA, which indicates that the BoHV-4 receptor is mainly located at the basolateral surface of these cells. Thus, our findings demonstrate that integrity of the respiratory epithelium is crucial in the host’s innate defense against primary BoHV-4 infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0629-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Epithelial cell damage is induced by neutrophil-derived, not pseudomonas-derived, proteases in cystic fibrosis sputum

Venaille

Ryan

Robinson

1998

Respiratory Medicine

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Airway histopathological changes in cystic fibrosis (CF) include damage to the epithelial tissue and accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Airways of CF patients are usually colonized with bacteria such as mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Bacteria and PMN can both release proteolytic enzymes capable of causing tissue damage. This study aims to clarify and compare the roles of these agents in epithelium damage. Epithelial cell (EC) damage and detachment induced by sputum samples from CF or non-CF patients, with and without lung infection, were assessed on amnionic EC in an in vitro model of airway epithelium. Protease activity was determined using inhibitor profiles, and compared to the proteolytic activity of isolated neutrophils and bacteria. Sputa from CF patients and infected non-CF patients induced high levels of detachment. PA also induced high levels of EC detachment but Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, two other bacteria commonly isolated from CF sputa, induced no detachment. Antiprotease inhibition profiles were similar for PMN and sputa-induced EC detachment, but different for PA-induced detachment. These results suggest that PMN proteolytic enzymes, probably elastase and cathepsin G, are more likely to be the inducers of tissue damage in the airways of CF patients than PA proteolytic enzymes.

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Structure et fonctions sécrétoires de l'épithélium respiratoire

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Access to a main alphaherpesvirus receptor, located basolaterally in the respiratory epithelium, is masked by intercellular junctions

Access to a main alphaherpesvirus receptor, located basolaterally in the respiratory epithelium, is masked by intercellular junctions

Gammaherpesvirus BoHV-4 infects bovine respiratory epithelial cells mainly at the basolateral side

Epithelial cell damage is induced by neutrophil-derived, not pseudomonas-derived, proteases in cystic fibrosis sputum

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