2012
DOI: 10.1038/nature11234
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Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

Abstract: Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin, and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics, and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analyzed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats to date… Show more

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Cited by 9,636 publications
(6,054 citation statements)
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References 32 publications
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“…Furthermore, we compared the stool microbiome of HF patients to a community‐based control sample from the same geographical area, with each control being matched to a case, based on age, gender, body mass index, and smoking behaviour. The microbiome data of our control group were consistent with available previous research on “normal” gut microbiome constellation 32, 33…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Furthermore, we compared the stool microbiome of HF patients to a community‐based control sample from the same geographical area, with each control being matched to a case, based on age, gender, body mass index, and smoking behaviour. The microbiome data of our control group were consistent with available previous research on “normal” gut microbiome constellation 32, 33…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…To this end, we assessed the microbial genetic landscape of 2,144 deeply sequenced human stool metagenomes from nine countries, spanning three continents, including published (Huttenhower et al , 2012; Qin et al , 2012; Karlsson et al , 2013; Le Chatelier et al , 2013; Zeller et al , 2014) as well as 298 newly generated ones (Table EV1). The newly sequenced samples include a Kazakh cohort as well as three individuals from Germany that have been sampled over an extended period of time (see Materials and Methods).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To analyze temporal stability of conspecific subspecies, we considered individuals for which samples from multiple time points were available and tracked the number of times we observed a change in the dominant one. Considering 74 individuals from the United States, each sampled twice about 200 days apart (Huttenhower et al , 2012), as high as 94% of the dominant subspecies were the same at both time points, almost all of them being exclusive. Of the remaining 6%, the vast majority involved individuals that had more than one co‐occurring subspecies at the earlier time point already (in these, subspecies replacement was 17 times more likely than in cases with a single subspecies at baseline, Fisher test P  = 2.2 × 10 −16 ), indicating that mixed subspecies populations are more fragile over time.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Among the four predominant bacterial phyla present in humans and mice [30] – namely Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria – significant differences in the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F) between obese and lean humans and rodents have been noted [31,32]. A relatively lower population of Bacteroidetes with a corresponding increase in Firmicutes was noted in some studies when comparing obese and lean individuals [33,34].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%