Structure, Function, and Evolution of Transfer RNAs (with Appendix Giving Complete Sequences of 178 tRNAs)

Singhal, Ram P.; Fallis, Pamela A.M.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60135-x

Cited by 63 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In contrast, 8 nucleotides or nucleotide combinations that are considered invariant in prokaryotic and eukaryotic nuclear-encoded tRNAs (see refs. [28][29][30][31] are conserved with a frequency between 91% and 100% in the putative A. suum mt tRNA genes (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Letters in solid circles identify other nucleotides or nucleotide combinations that occur with a frequency (accompanying numbers) of >80% in A. suum tRNA genes. Nine of these nucleotides (1, 9, 10, 13, 22, 25, 27, 43, and 72) are considered semi-invariant in prokaryotic and eukaryotic nuclearencoded tRNAs (29,30). The numbering system used (1-43 and 66-73, as given in the open circles) reflects the conventional numbering system used for yeast tRNAPhe (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bizarre tRNAs inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genomes of nematode worms.

Wolstenholme¹,

Macfarlane²,

Okimoto³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

249

138

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The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule of the parasitic nematode worm Ascaris suum has been determined. This molecule lacks genes for tRNAs of the standard form. Instead, 21 sequences are found that can be folded into structures that resemble tRNAs in which the TIC arm and variable loop are missing and replaced with a single loop of between 4 and 12 nucleotides. Considerations of various properties of these sequences, including the number, predicted anticodons, conserved nucleotides, direction of transcription, base composition, and relative gene arrangements are consistent with the interpretation that they are genes for a different sort of tRNA. Transfer RNA genes with a similar potential secondary structure are found in mtDNA of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that this unusual form of tRNA is used by all nematode mitochondria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bizarre tRNAs inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genomes of nematode worms.

Wolstenholme¹,

Macfarlane²,

Okimoto³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

249

138

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show abstract

“…2). One of these, tRNAP`%, has all of the structural features expected of a conventional tRNA (18). The other four are also normal, except that all contain one or more mismatched base pairs in the acceptor stem (specifically, pairs 1, 2, 3, or a combination thereof, counting from the 5' end).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other four are also normal, except that all contain one or more mismatched base pairs in the acceptor stem (specifically, pairs 1, 2, 3, or a combination thereof, counting from the 5' end). Whereas deviations from the prototypical tRNA structure (18), including mispairing in normally helical regions, are rather common in mitochondrial tRNAs (19), the clustering of irregular features in the acceptor stems of these A. castellandi mitochondrial tRNAs is unprecedented. In three cases (tRNAASP, tRNAMetl, and tRNAMet2), the predicted mispairing in the acceptor stem is so extensive that it would appear to preclude formation of a stable helix extending up to and including the 5' terminus (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editing of Transfer RNAs in Acanthamoeba castellanii Mitochondria

Lonergan

Gray

1993

Science

162

105

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With the discovery of RNA editing, a process whereby the primary sequence of RNA is altered after transcription, traditional concepts of genetic information transfer had to be revised. The known RNA editing systems act mainly on messenger RNAs, introducing sequence changes that alter their coding properties. An editing system that acts on transfer RNAs is described here. In the mitochondria of Acanthamoeba castellanii, an amoeboid protozoan, certain transfer RNAs differ in sequence from the genes that encode them. The changes consist of single-nucleotide conversions (U to A, U to G, and A to G) that appear to arise posttranscriptionally, are localized in the acceptor stem, and have the effect of correcting mismatched base pairs. Editing thus restores the base pairing expected of a normal transfer RNA in this region.

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“…The structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic tRNA molecules are, however, essentially indistinguishable: they have an identical secondary structure and an almost identical overall pattem of invariant and semi-invariant nucleotides (Singhal and Fallis, 1979 (Merrick, 1979). It is therefore reasonable to expect that purified prokaryotic tRNA genes will function as efficient templates for tRNA transcription in eukaryotic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prokaryotic tRNATyr gene, inactive in Xenopus laevis oocytes, is activated by recombination with an eukaryotic tRNAPro gene.

Dente¹,

Fasano²,

Costanzo³

et al. 1982

The EMBO Journal

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Eukaryotic tDNA promoters are composed of two essential regions contained within the coding sequence (Box A and Box B). Due to the highly conserved structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic tRNA, most prokaryodic tRNA genes are expected to be active templates in eukaryotic transcriptional systems. In this paper we show that Escherichia coli tDNATYr is not transcribed in the nucleus of Xenopus laevis oocytes. By in vitro construction of hybnd molecules between inactive prokaryotic tDNATYr from E. coli, and active eukaryotic tDNAPrm from Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that tDNATYr can be made into an active gene if its first third, including the Box A region, is replaced by that of the eukaryotic tDNA. These results suggest that an improper Box A sequence is responsible for the inactivity of the E. coli tRNATYr gene, and argue against the role of secondary and tertiary DNA confonnations in RNA polymerse III transcripion.

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Structure, Function, and Evolution of Transfer RNAs (with Appendix Giving Complete Sequences of 178 tRNAs)

Cited by 63 publications

References 37 publications

Bizarre tRNAs inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genomes of nematode worms.

Bizarre tRNAs inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genomes of nematode worms.

Editing of Transfer RNAs in Acanthamoeba castellanii Mitochondria

A prokaryotic tRNATyr gene, inactive in Xenopus laevis oocytes, is activated by recombination with an eukaryotic tRNAPro gene.

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