Structure, growth dynamics and biomass of reed (Phragmites australis) – A review

Engloner, Attila

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2008.05.001

Cited by 192 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…Secondly, P. australis-dominated ecosystems produce large volumes of above and belowground biomass (Park & Blossey 2008). Total biomass production of more than 200 t ha (1 have been recorded (Engloner 2009) making P. australis one of the largest biomass producers in aquatic ecosystems. The worldwide distribution and the extremely large areas covered by P. australis stands may have a considerable effect on the accumulation of phytotoxins through decomposition in wetlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity induced by Phragmites australis: an assessment of phenotypic and physiological parameters involved in germination process and growth of receptor plant

Uddin

Robinson

Caridi

2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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This study investigated the possible phytotoxicity induced by Phargmites australis on phenotypic and physiological parameters of recipient plants with identification of major inhibitors in the donor plant. This was achieved using aqueous extracts of different organs and root exudates of P. australis in laboratory and greenhouse experiments with Lactuca sativa as the model test plant. The observed reduced liquid imbibition and altered resource mobilization in seeds of L. sativa, in particular an insufficient carbohydrate supply, demonstrated that the onset of germination might be negatively affected by phytotoxicity. Dose-response studies pointed out that oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species production could potentially cause the observed germination and seedling growth reductions. The osmotic effects by mannitol solution on germination as well as growth and physiology at a level of (0.57 and (0.45 bar, respectively, demonstrated that the results from aqueous plant extracts were partially induced by the osmotic potential on and above those levels. Overall, the relative strength of inhibition on measured parameters was the highest in leaf extract, followed by rhizome, root, stem, and inflorescence. Root exudates of P. australis also had negative impacts by reducing germination and growth of plant. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed gallic acid, a potent phytotoxin, as a major compound with an order of leaf ! inflorescence ! rhizome !root ! stem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity induced by Phragmites australis: an assessment of phenotypic and physiological parameters involved in germination process and growth of receptor plant

Uddin

Robinson

Caridi

2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…Among the possible factors affecting germination and the growth of seedlings, water depth is thought to be one of the most important one (see the review by Engloner (2009) and the literature cited therein). Haslam (1972) reported 5 cm as the highest water level that allows reed germination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of riverine reed stands indicating the water regime of the habitat

Engloner

Szegő

2016

Ecological Indicators

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Although genetic diversity of reed stands developing in habitats with unchanged water levels have been frequently investigated, little is known about reed propagation along rivers, where fluctuating water levels may provide various conditions for germination and seedling development.The present paper evaluates genetic diversity of reed stands grown in (i) an oxbow with significant water level fluctuations related to the flood events in the main river; (ii) a separated oxbow which has lost connection to the main channel; and (iii) artificially controlled running water with low water level fluctuation. At each site, reed stands were investigated along transects parallel to the shore and multilocus phenotypes were determined by microsatellite analysis.

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“…Phragmites was chosen because it is fast-growing, highly productive, perennial, and quite tolerant of extreme conditions. Moreover, data exist about the growth habits and patterns of Phragmites (Hosoi et al, 1998;Allirand & Gosse, 1995;Meuleman et al, 2002;Haslam, 1969b;Engloner, 2009). It is important to note, that although Phragmites has admirable characteristics for a wetland plant to be harvested for biomass, the uncontrolled propagation of Phragmites has led it to become regarded as an invasive species in 18 states (Getsinger, 2007).…”

Section: Emergent Aquatic Plants Have a History Of Being Harvested Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Optimization of a Constructed Wetland for Biomass Production and Nitrate Removal

Zygas

Eheart

Cai

2014

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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Recently there is growing concern about high nutrient loadings in surface waters as a result of intensive agriculture, resulting in hypoxia in costal ecosystems. There is simultaneous growing interest in the cultivation of perennial grasses for bio-ethanol production. Constructed wetlands offer a promising nutrient removal mechanism while also providing an ideal environment for the growth of such grasses. In the present work, a hypothetical wetland system is designed to treat non-point source nutrient loadings and produce harvestable biomass for ethanol production in central Illinois. Through the integration of a biomass production model, a nutrient removal model and a cost model, the relationship between the costs of wetland construction, benefits from biomass sales, and mass nutrient removal can be seen for various wetland sizes and water throughput capacities. Using genetic algorithms, the Pareto-optimal frontier showing the tradeoff between nutrient removal and the net cost of the wetland system, (accounting for revenue from biomass harvest) can be visualized.This analysis is demonstrated for a hypothetical wetland site near Camargo, Illinois which is assumed to draw water from the Embarras River. Through the simulation of several cost scenarios, the wetland is found to show a profit only when construction, operation and maintenance costs are excluded from the analysis. Results show a tradeoff between the amount of nitrate removed in the wetland via denitrification and biomass production For the example case, a 33.8 ha wetland with a 2.3 m 3 /s design pumping capacity was found to have the maximum cost efficiency with a cost of 4.8 $/kg of NO 3 -N removed. The results indicate that there is a unique efficiency-maximizing design for a wetland at a particular site. These results also indicate that a subsidy of at least 4.8 $/kg of NO 3 -N removed is necessary (assuming the biomass is sold for $58/ton) in order for a wetland at the hypothetical site to break even. Furthermore, if a market for nitrogen exists or if nutrient trading between point dischargers is allowed, it might be possible for a constructed wetland designed for biomass production to be profitable while providing water quality benefits.iii ACKOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to my co-advisers Wayland Eheart and Ximing Cai for their unwavering support, key insights, and patience.

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Structure, growth dynamics and biomass of reed (Phragmites australis) – A review

Cited by 192 publications

References 166 publications

Phytotoxicity induced by Phragmites australis: an assessment of phenotypic and physiological parameters involved in germination process and growth of receptor plant

Phytotoxicity induced by Phragmites australis: an assessment of phenotypic and physiological parameters involved in germination process and growth of receptor plant

Genetic diversity of riverine reed stands indicating the water regime of the habitat

Simulation and Optimization of a Constructed Wetland for Biomass Production and Nitrate Removal

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