Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing

Metal Additive Manufacturing for Satellites and Rockets

“…the microstructure, while stress is usually lower for electron-beam produced parts which are nearly fully densely produced [24]. Another additive manufacturing technique working with a wire is the wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), in which a wire feed is molten by an electric arc source, allowing for additive manufacturing of steel and several alloys [25,26].…”

“…There have been diverse attempts to use 3D printing techniques for different parts of microsatellites, using polymers, metals, and hybrid materials, which were previously reviewed by our group [34], so that here only a brief overview of the most recent reports is given. Another additive manufacturing technique working with a wire is the wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), in which a wire feed is molten by an electric arc source, allowing for additive manufacturing of steel and several alloys [25,26].…”

Influence of annealing on the functional properties of the NiTi alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing

“…The bed deposition technology is effectively used for the fabrication of small NiTi parts while the direct deposition technology is convenient for the production of massive elements [4]. One of the direct deposition technology is the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) [5][6] which now is used for the production of NiTi samples including walls and 3D structures [7][8][9][10][11]. Previously, it was found that the structure of the NiTi samples produced by WAAM depended on the substrate materials, arc voltage, arc current and pre-heating temperature of substrate [12][13][14].…”

“…Previously, it was found that the structure of the NiTi samples produced by WAAM depended on the substrate materials, arc voltage, arc current and pre-heating temperature of substrate [12][13][14]. Regardless of these parameters, the common feature of the NiTi samples produced by WAAM is the different chemical composition of the NiTi phase along the sample height (built direction) due to the penetration of the substrate IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1213/1/012002 2 elements to the NiTi melt [10]. This leads to the martensitic transformations occur at various temperatures in different layers of the sample [10].…”

“…Regardless of these parameters, the common feature of the NiTi samples produced by WAAM is the different chemical composition of the NiTi phase along the sample height (built direction) due to the penetration of the substrate IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1213/1/012002 2 elements to the NiTi melt [10]. This leads to the martensitic transformations occur at various temperatures in different layers of the sample [10]. As a result, the strain recovery is observed in a wide temperature range that is not convenient for application [10].…”