The quadratic (∝ E 2 ) nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of (EDT-DSDTFVO) 2 · FeBr 4 have been investigated: an efficiency equal to 3-6 times that of urea in second-harmonic generation at 1.907 µm has been observed by a powder test, and an effective (d eff ) nonlinear optical susceptibility ( (2) ) tensor component equal to 110 pm/V at 1.064 µm has been determined by confocal µ-SHG in the backscattering geometry. The origin of this effect is ascribable to the presence of strongly interacting EDT-DSDTFVO species organized in noncentrosymmetric stacks in solid state. A computational (ZINDO) investigation carried out on a [(EDT-DSDTFVO) 4 ] 2+ tetrameric entity at the fractional (F ) 0.5) oxidation state leads to a static molecular hyperpolarizability ( 0 ) equal to 854 × 10 -30 cm 5 esu -1 per tetrameric unit. (EDT-DSDTFVO) 2 · FeBr 4 is the first multifunctional molecular material exhibiting simultaneously conducting, magnetic, and NLO effects. The possibilities of using such absorbent species as micrometer size materials with efficient NLO properties are thoroughly evaluated.
IntroductionThe last few decades have witnessed an increasing interest for molecular materials and have led to the emergence of new magnets, 1,2 molecular devices for data storage, 3,4 conductors and superconductors, 5-7 and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with ultrafast response time and enhanced NLO efficiencies. 8,9 These materials offer benchmark units, which can be used to test theoretical models describing the physical properties of solids, by means of molecular parameters: e.g., transfer integral (τ) between overlapping species in one-dimensional conductors, coupling constant (J) between metal centers in paramagnetic chains, and quadratic molecular hyperpolarizability ( ) in molecular nonlinear optics. Furthermore, molecular materials offer a unique opportunity to meet additional challenges, such as the design of multifunctional materials, in which molecular properties could be linked at the microscopic scale, with the challenging target of their possible interplay. To date, few reports have been devoted to hybrid materials exhibiting two electronic properties: (i) magnetic-conductors, (ii) magnetic-NLO materials, and (iii) intriguing structures combining NLO response and intermolecular electron delocalization.(i) Linking conductivity and magnetism has been stimulated by the discovery of superconductivity in paramagnetic materials in 1995, 10,11 although both properties had been considered to be somewhat inimical for quite a long time. The restoration of