Structure of a galactomannan-peptide allergen from trichophyton mentagrophytes

Barker, S. A.; Cruickshank, C. N. D.; Holden, James

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(63)91362-3

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Dermatophytal glycopeptides have been isolated by milder procedures (12)(13)(14). The yields and composition of the glycopeptides varied with growth conditions, mainly in the D-galactose content.…”

Section: 2-linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

San-Blas

1982

Mycopathologia

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The ability of some fungi to cause disease in animals, and particularly in humans, appears to be related to some peculiar trait of their metabolism not shared by taxonomically related species, so that among thousands of species of fungi, only some 100 are considered pathogenic for humans.Recently, there has been an increase in the basic research aimed at elucidating the physiology, biochemistry, and mechanisms of pathogenicity of the fungi in addition to the responses of the infected host. The results from these studies are often difficult to compare because of the lack of reference cultures, and because variability among laboratories are found for many parameters such as origin of isolates, growth conditions, and fractionation procedures used to obtain chemically defined components of cell walls.This review deals with cell wall structures and their influence in host-parasite relationships in those relatively few pathogenic fungi on which substantial literature exists. Serological properties of the walls are included when available. Readers interested in medical and biological aspects of fungi may consult Rippon's (140) and Emmons et al.'s (51) textbooks, among others. Some reviews on microbial surfaces and their relationships to pathogenicity have been published (160 162)2The pathogenic fungi included in this review are classified according to their cell wall structure, following Bartnicki-Garcia's criteria (15) on the distribution of the two major polysaccharides within the fungal cell wall. This classification is based on the fact that fungi may be subdivided into various categories according to the chemical nature of their walls, and that these categories closely parallel conventional taxonomic boundaries. As seen in Table l, this classification is based on dual combinations of those polysaccharides which appear to be the principal component of vegetative walls, disregarding the presence of small amounts of other classifying polysaccharides. The few pathogenic fungi whose cell walls have been studied to some extent belong to Bartnicki-Garcia's categories 5 (chitin-glucan) and 6 (mannan-glucan) ( Table 2). Besides these main polysaccharides, some minor components of the cell wall may also play important roles in pathogenicity, as antigens, or as virulence factors, and they will be mentioned in this review. DermatophytesDermatophytes are a highly specialized group of fungi that, through long evolutionary processes became adapted to invade, colonize, and nourish themselves on the keratinized tissues of animals. The three genera of dermatophytes are: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton, of which 21, 15, and 1 species, respectively, are currently considered valid members (1) (ln the Vth Panamerican Conference on Mycoses, April 1980, Caracas, these figures were raised to 27, 16, and 2, respectively). Mating studies have revealed that, for some cases, what were considered as single species of Microsporum and Trichophyton, actually represent complexes of more than one species, indis- Mycopathologia7...

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Section: 2-linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

San-Blas

1982

Mycopathologia

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“…Thus, other side chains in the core may also be terminated by galactobiose as well as galactose units, with the consequence that the core could carry as many as six galactose units. We considered the possibility that the galactosidase-resistant galactose might have the furanose ring form, as reported for the galactomannan peptide from Trichophyton species (19). Such galactose is released by 0.01 M HCl at 80°C in 2 h but these conditions had no effect on the Sch.…”

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confidence: 99%

Schizosaccharomyces pombe glycosylation mutant with altered cell surface properties.

Ballou

Ball

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mutagenesis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells yielded a strain that made reduced amounts of invertase. A companson of the 0-and N-linked carbohydrate chains of the wild-type and mutant glycoproteins revealed that a single type of al-+2-linked mannose was missing In the mutant. Analysis ofthe wild-type An showed that it contained a heterogeneous small"6core"d_ s rf linked to asparagine with sugar compositions that ranged from Man,(GcNAc)r to Gal4Manl(GlcNAc)2-. The galacose units are inte al positions of a Manio(GcNAc0-unit that is similar to the mannoprotein core of Saccharnyces cerevwiae. Attached to this core in a larger oligosaccharide fraction is an a1-'6-linked pdymannose chain that is substituted at position 2 with a-linked mannose and gale. The O-lnked sugars consist of manse, al-2-linked nannosnnoe and al-'2-linked gala, along with small amounts of tri-and tet. The glycosylation mutant lacks al-2-linked m nse on both the -linked chains and the outer chain of the large N-linked chains, ing that It may be defective in regulation of an al,2-mannosyltransferase that adds mannose to glycoproteins in the Gil.Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a fission yeast that has attracted interest as an experimental organism for studies on control of the cell cycle (1) and glycoprotein synthesis (2). The carbohydrate component of Sch. pombe glycoproteins is distinctive in that it contains galactose in addition to the mannose found in most fungal glycoproteins (3), which has led to the name galactomannoprotein (4) for this class of molecule. Although its carbohydrate structure has not been elucidated in the same detail as that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoproteins (5), the Sch. pombe galactomannoproteins are known to contain both 0-and N-linked carbohydrate chains.Here we describe experiments to characterize the carbohydrate components ofSch. pombe glycoproteins by the methods applied to those from Sac. cerevisiae (5). We also report a glycosylation-defective mutant of Sch. pombe that fails to add a specific type ofal--+2-linked mannose to both 0-and N-linked carbohydrate chains. The mutant cells are flocculant and difficult to disperse, as though their surface properties have been altered by the change in carbohydrate structure.MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Two mating types of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used, ATCC nos. 24969 and 24970, and were grown and maintained on standard medium (6). Mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate was done as described (7), and the cells were allowed to grow overnight on a shaker at 300C to express any mutant phenotypes. Unsuccessful attempts were made to enrich for cells that lacked galactose in the glycoproteins by agglutination with Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin (8). During these manipulations, several flocculant isolates were obtained, and two of these made less glycosylated invertase (strains Sp331 and Sp421). Sp331 was used in the studies reported here. Genetic analysis followed standard procedures (7). Coffee bean a-galactosidase (9) was from Sigma.Chromatography. Mann...

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“…Certain of these structural features have been revealed by periodate oxidation and methylation studies of 7". mentagrophytes fraction B (Barker et al, 1963) which contains terminal; 1,2-; 1,4-and branched mannose units in the ratio 2:1:1.25:3.25. Bishop and colleagues (1965) have shown that each of the 5 dermatophytes 7".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological relationships between glycopeptides ofMicrosporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytesand other fungi

Basarab¹,

How²,

Cruickshank³

1968

Med Mycol

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Allergenic glycopeptldes have been extracted from cultures of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 2". rubrum, 2-. schoenleinii, Microsporum ¢anis, Keratinomyces ajeUoi and Epidermophyton floccosum. These have very similar chemical structures and all give rise to both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in sensitised guinea pigs. A range of polysaccharides from other sources was tested in guinea pigs sensitlsed to dermatophytes. None gave delayed reactions, but some with structural features in common with those isolated from dermatophytes gave immediate reactions.

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Structure of a galactomannan-peptide allergen from trichophyton mentagrophytes

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

Schizosaccharomyces pombe glycosylation mutant with altered cell surface properties.

Immunological relationships between glycopeptides ofMicrosporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytesand other fungi

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