Structure of a viscous exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus helveticus K16

Yang, Zhennai; Staaf, Mikael; Huttunen, Eine; Widmalm, Göran

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00201-9

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…cremoris B40, which only contains ␤(134) linkages (53). In addition, the complexity of the primary structure (size, monomer composition, side groups, and branching) will influence the viscosifying effects of the EPS solutions (67,78).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Is Reflected in Their Production and Their Molecular and Functional Characteristics

Vaningelgem

Zamfir

Mozzi

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

193

163

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Twenty-six lactic acid bacterium strains isolated from European dairy products were identified as Streptococcus thermophilus and characterized by bacterial growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing capacity in milk and enriched milk medium. In addition, the acidification rates of the different strains were compared with their milk clotting behaviors. The majority of the strains grew better when yeast extract and peptone were added to the milk medium, although the presence of interfering glucomannans was shown, making this medium unsuitable for EPS screening. EPS production was found to be strain dependent, with the majority of the strains producing between 20 and 100 mg of polymer dry mass per liter of fermented milk medium. Furthermore, no straightforward relationship between the apparent viscosity and EPS production could be detected in fermented milk medium. An analysis of the molecular masses of the isolated EPS by gel permeation chromatography revealed a large variety, ranging from 10 to >2,000 kDa. A distinction could be made between highmolecular-mass EPS (>1,000 kDa) and low-molecular-mass EPS (<1,000 kDa). Based on the molecular size of the EPS, three groups of EPS-producing strains were distinguished. Monomer analysis of the EPS by highperformance anion-exchange chromatography with amperometric detection was demonstrated to be a fast and simple method. All of the EPS from the S. thermophilus strains tested were classified into six groups according to their monomer compositions. Apart from galactose and glucose, other monomers, such as (N-acetyl)galactosamine, (N-acetyl)glucosamine, and rhamnose, were also found as repeating unit constituents. Three strains were found to produce EPS containing (N-acetyl)glucosamine, which to our knowledge was never found before in an EPS from S. thermophilus. Furthermore, within each group, differences in monomer ratios were observed, indicating possible novel EPS structures. Finally, large differences between the consistencies of EPS solutions from five different strains were assigned to differences in their molecular masses and structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Is Reflected in Their Production and Their Molecular and Functional Characteristics

Vaningelgem

Zamfir

Mozzi

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

193

163

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“…Apart from protein removal and EPS precipitation, other procedures that have been used to purify the EPS fraction include membrane filtration techniques such as microfiltration, UF, and diafiltration (Tuinier et al, 1999b;Yang et al, 1999Yang et al, , 2000Staaf et al, 2000;Bergmaier et al, 2001;Levander et al, 2001). Filtration through synthetic membranes allowed the separation of the EPS molecules from the low molecular weight components present in complex media.…”

Section: Eps Isolation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review: Methods for the Screening, Isolation, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Ruas‐Madiedo

Reyes‐Gavilán

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

370

233

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The ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) is widespread among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), although the physiological role of these molecules has not been clearly established yet. Some EPS confer on LAB a "ropy" character that can be detected in cultures that form long strands when extended with an inoculation loop. When EPS are produced in situ during milk fermentation they can act as natural biothickeners, giving the product a suitable consistency, improving viscosity, and reducing syneresis. In addition, some of these EPS may have beneficial effects on human health. The increasing demand by consumers of novel dairy products requires a better understanding of the effect of EPS on existing products and, at the same time, the search for new EPS-producing strains with desirable properties. The use of genetically modified organisms capable of producing high levels of EPS or newly designed biopolymers is still very limited. Therefore, exploration of the biodiversity of wild LAB strains from natural ecological environments is currently the most suitable approach to search for the desired EPS-phenotype. The screening of ropy strains and the isolation and characterization of EPS responsible for this characteristic have led to the application over the past years of a wide variety of techniques. This review summarizes the available information on methods and procedures used for research on this topic. The information provided deals with methods for screening of EPS-producing LAB, detection of the ropy phenotype, and the physicochemical and structural characterization of these molecules, including parameters related to their viscosifying properties. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of methods available for the study of EPS produced by LAB.

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“…lactis Bb12 (DSM15954) [12] , and seven potentially probiotic strains L. rhamnosus LC705 (DSM 7061) [4,5] , L. helveticus 1129 (DSM 13137) [28] , B. longum 1/10, B. breve Bb99 (DSM 13692) [4,5] , S. thermophilus THS [29,30] , L. lactis subsp. cremoris ARH74 (DSM 18891) [31] , and L. mesenteroides subsp.…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Latvala

Te²,

Veckman³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To analyze the ability of nine different potentially probiotic bacteria to induce maturation and cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). METHODS: Cytokine production and maturation of moDCs in response to bacterial stimulation was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometric analysis (FACS), respectively. The kinetics of mRNA expression of cytokine genes was determined by Northern blotting. The involvement of different signaling pathways in cytokine gene expression was studied using specific pharmacological signaling inhibitors. RESULTS: All studied bacteria induced the maturation of moDCs in a dose-dependent manner. More detailed analysis with S. thermophilus THS, B. breve Bb99, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris ARH74 indicated that these bacteria induced the expression of moDC maturation markers HLA class Ⅱ and CD86 as efficiently as p a t h o g e n i c b a c t e r i a . H o w e ve r, t h e s e b a c t e r i a differed in their ability to induce moDC cytokine gene expression. S. thermophilus induced the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and CCL20) and Th1 type (IL-12 and IFN-γ) cytokines, while B. breve and L. lactis were also potent inducers of antiinflammatory IL-10. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were shown to be involved in bacteria-induced cytokine production. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that potentially probiotic bacteria are able to induce moDC maturation, but their ability to induce cytokine gene expression varies significantly from one bacterial strain to another. Latvala S, Pietilä TE, Veckman V, Kekkonen RA, Tynkkynen S, Korpela R, Julkunen I. Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

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Structure of a viscous exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus helveticus K16

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Biodiversity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Is Reflected in Their Production and Their Molecular and Functional Characteristics

Biodiversity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Is Reflected in Their Production and Their Molecular and Functional Characteristics

Invited Review: Methods for the Screening, Isolation, and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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