Structure of insect chitin isolated from beetle larva cuticle and silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa exuvia

Zhang, M.; Haga, Atsunobu; Sekiguchi, Haruo; Hirano, Seishiro

doi:10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00123-3

Cited by 235 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They were waste products of the Snailing and shrimp canning industry. The US Department of Commerce reported in 1973 that they were over 1,50,000 Mt of chitin produced as processing waste from shell Snail, krill, clams, oysters, squid, and fungi [6]. Commercially chitin and chitosan are of great importance owing to their relatively high percentage of nitrogen (6.89 percent) compared to synthetically substituted cellulose.…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosan Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Achatinodes

Natarajan¹,

Kalyanasundaram²,

Ravi³

2017

Nat Prod Chem Res

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In view of the increasing littering of the river banks by shells of crustaceans, a study was carried out to investigate the extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from apple snail. Chitin and chitosan was extracted and characterized from apple snail the conventional methods of pretreatment, demineralization, deprotienization and deacetylation. The results obtained revealed that carbon nitrogen ratio of the chitosan extracted was 5.7 with a degree of deacetylation of 59.69% and 58.66% calculated from the elemental analysis and the FTIR spectra of chitosan respectively. The FTIR spectra for chitosan gave a characteristic-NH 2 band of 2921.48 cm -1 and a carbonyl group band of 2523.11 cm -1 . The mussel shell was discovered to contain a mineral content of 48.43% and a chitin composition was found to be 18.44%.

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Section: Chitin and Chitosan Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Achatinodes

Natarajan¹,

Kalyanasundaram²,

Ravi³

2017

Nat Prod Chem Res

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It occurs in squid pens, in the extracellular spines of the euryhaline diatom, and in pogonophore tubes. The γ-form has a mixture of anti parallel and parallel chains and is found in the cocoons of insects [8].Chitin is a natural biopolymer with a chemical structure similar to that of cellulose and is a major component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates. Therefore, crustacean waste is ideal as raw material for chitin production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Chitin Extraction from Chicken Feet

Jalal¹,

Risheed²,

Ibrahim³

2012

J Anal Bioanal Techniques

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Keywords:Chitin; Chicken feet α-, β-, and γ-forms exist with different chitin microfibril orientations. The α-form has antiparallel chains and is the most abundant in nature. It occurs in the shells of crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters, etc.), in the shells and skeletons of mollusks and krill, insects, etc., and in the cell walls of fungi (mushrooms, bakers' yeast, etc.). The β-form has parallel chains and is rare in the nature. It occurs in squid pens, in the extracellular spines of the euryhaline diatom, and in pogonophore tubes. The γ-form has a mixture of anti parallel and parallel chains and is found in the cocoons of insects [8].Chitin is a natural biopolymer with a chemical structure similar to that of cellulose and is a major component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates. Therefore, crustacean waste is ideal as raw material for chitin production. The extracted chitin can be used to produce chitin derived products, such as chitosans, chito-oligosaccharides and glucosamine, but also for bioplastic production. The interest to use chitinous products in foods and pharmaceuticals is increasing due to their broad range of industrial applications [9,10].The name `chitin' is derived from the Greek word chiton' , meaning a coat of mail. It is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose named poly β (1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose [6,11,12] as shown in figure 1.Chitin and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications, from food, nutrition and cosmetics to biomedicine, agriculture and the environment [13]. Their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties make them particularly useful for biomedical applications [14] such as wound healing and dressings, weight loss agent, blood cholesterol control [15], surgical sutures, aid in cataract surgery and periodontal disease treatment [13,16]. In biotechnology, applications include wastewater treatment where chitin (as its derivative, chitosan) acts as an absorbent for heavy and radioactive metals, has use as food and feed additives [17], and in the manufacture of textile, paper, film and sponge sheet materials [5,12,18]. Chitin and its derivative chitosan are of commercial interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, chelating and adsorption power [19,20].Because of the importance of chitin, the present study has been aimed with the following objectives -To extract the chitin from the chicken feet -To find the optimum conditions of the extraction -To quantify the yield of chitin -To check the chitin extracted with standard chitin Materials and Methods MaterialsChicken feed materials were purchased from Erbil market. All the chemicals purchased from Merck were analytical grade. Preparation of chitinChicken feet were washed with cold water and dried for two days at 45°C. Chitin was extracted from chicken feet following standard AbstractThe objective of present paper is to find optimal conditions for the extraction of chitin from chicken feet, so a chemica...

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“…In recent studies, 15-25% chitin has been isolated from the dried exoskeleton of Crustacea such as prawn, shrimp, crab and lobster [21][22][23]. It is noted that the chitin contents of the total body structure dry weight of insects including Agabus bipustulatus, Anax imperator, Bombyx mori, Holotrichia parallela, Hydrophilus piceus, Notonecta glauca, Ranatra linearis and silkworm chrysalides ranges from 10% to 20% among the different species [13,[24][25][26]. Alternatively, it was presented by Sajomsang and Gonil [27] that 36% of cicada sloughs were chitin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat guano as new and attractive chitin and chitosan source

et al. 2014

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Introduction: Chitin is a biopolymer that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods, and is found in the cell walls of fungi. It has a wide range of uses in fields such as cosmetics, pharmacy, medicine, bioengineering, agriculture, textiles and environmental engineering based upon its nontoxic, ecofriendly, biocompability and biodegradability characteristics. Commercially, chitin is obtained from processing the outer skeleton of Crustacea such as shrimp, crab, prawn and crayfish after they have been consumed as food. The study aims to examine the nature of bat guano and to determine if it is a practical source of chitin, which has not been done previously.Results: In this study, the chitin content of dry bat guano samples was found to be 28%. The bat guano, which was collected from Karacamal Cave, came from the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. The chitosan yield of this chitin was 79%. The chitin produced from the bat guano was determined to be in the alpha form according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The crystallinity of the chitin and chitosan samples was calculated as 85.49 and 58.51% respectively by X-ray crystallography (XRD) experiments. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, the chitin and chitosan structures were shaped like nanofibers. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that both chitin and chitosan had two step weight losses, which are characteristic of these materials. The nitrogen content of the chitin and chitosan was 6.47 and 7.3% respectively according to the elemental analysis results. Conclusions:In this research, it has been observed that bat guano can be considered to be an alternative source of chitin and chitosan to crab, shrimp, crayfish and krill.

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Structure of insect chitin isolated from beetle larva cuticle and silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa exuvia

Cited by 235 publications

References 23 publications

Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Achatinodes

Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Achatinodes

Optimization of Chitin Extraction from Chicken Feet

Bat guano as new and attractive chitin and chitosan source

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