Structure of liquid Sn on Ge(111)

Reedijk, M. F.; Arsic, J.; Theije, F.K. de; McBride, Mary T.; Peters, K. F.; Vlieg, E.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.64.033403

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The main reason to propose a 1 1 -phase coexistence region near 4 3 ML in the original phase diagram was the observation of both 3 p reflections and liquid rings [11]. However, near the phase transition the Pb monolayer will have both liquid and solid properties [7,8], and thus these earlier observations are compatible with our new phase diagram.…”

Section: Institute Of Theoretical Physics University Of Nijmegen Tosupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Despite (or because of) many studies, various phases and phase transitions on these systems have remained controversial, e.g., the lowtemperature and low-density phase transition from a 3 p 3 p R30 to a 3 3 reconstruction [5] that is possibly driven by a charge-density wave, and the hightemperature ''melting'' of the high-density 3 p 3 p R30 phase to a 1 1 phase [1,6]. In the latter case the different observations can be reconciled by assuming that the ''molten'' surface layer has both liquid and solid properties [7,8]. This high-temperature phase can additionally be considered a model system for a solid-liquid interface in which the ordering in the liquid and the effect of coverage and mismatch are more easily studied than in thicker solid-liquid interfaces that are relevant for, e.g., crystal growth and lubrication [9].…”

Section: Institute Of Theoretical Physics University Of Nijmegen Tomentioning

confidence: 98%

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New(3×3)R30°Phase of Pb on Ge(111) and Its Consequence for the Melting Transition

et al. 2003

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Depending on the preparation method, we find two different structures of the Pb/Ge(111) system at a nominal coverage of 4 / 3 monolayer that exhibit different melting points. One is the well studied beta phase that melts at 270 degrees C, but the other is a new and metastable phase that melts at 330 degrees C. Using surface x-ray diffraction the atomic structure of both phases is found to be surprisingly similar. The difference in melting points can be explained by the distribution of the excess Pb present on the surface, which has a direct effect on the vacancy density. We propose a modified phase diagram, in which the melting temperature of the beta phase depends strongly on coverage.

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Section: Institute Of Theoretical Physics University Of Nijmegen Tosupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Institute Of Theoretical Physics University Of Nijmegen Tomentioning

confidence: 98%

New(3×3)R30°Phase of Pb on Ge(111) and Its Consequence for the Melting Transition

et al. 2003

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“…In the 1 ϫ 1 unit cell, there are three high-symmetry sites for the Sn, namely, the T 1 , H 3 , and T 4 sites, corresponding to positions above first, fourth, and second layer Si atoms, respectively. Reedijk et al showed in a diffraction study 14 that Sn on Ge͑111͒, a system which exhibits a similar transition 1 as Sn on Si͑111͒, can occupy all three sites. The T 1 sites were however preferable below as well as above the transition temperature.…”

Section: B Stm Of the Sn Underlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and electronic structures of the ordered23×23and molten1×1phase on the Si(111):Sn surface

et al. 2010

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The Si͑111͒ surface with an average coverage of slightly more than one monolayer of Sn, exhibits a 2 ͱ 3 ϫ 2 ͱ 3 reconstruction below 463 K. In the literature, atomic structure models with 13 or 14 Sn atoms in the unit cell have been proposed based on scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒ results, even though only four Sn atoms could be resolved in the unit cell. This paper deals with two issues regarding this surface. First, high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy ͑ARPES͒ and STM are used to test theoretically derived results from an atomic structure model comprised of 14 Sn atoms, ten in an underlayer and four in a top layer ͓C. Törnevik, M. Hammar, N. G. Nilsson, and S. A. Flodström, Phys. Rev. B 44, 13144 ͑1991͔͒. Low-temperature ARPES reveals six occupied surface states. The calculated surface band structure only reproduces some of these surface states. However, simulated STM images show that certain properties of the four atoms that are visible in STM are reproduced by the model. The electronic structure of the Sn atoms in the underlayer of the model does not correspond to any features seen in the ARPES results. STM images are presented which indicate the presence of a different underlayer consisting of eight Sn atoms, which is not compatible with the model. These results indicate that a revised model is called for. The second issue is the reversible transition from a 2 ͱ 3 ϫ 2 ͱ 3 phase below 463 K to a 1 ϫ 1 phase corresponding to a molten Sn layer, above that temperature. It is found that the surface band structure just below the transition temperature is quite similar to that at 100 K. The surface band structure undergoes a dramatic change at the transition. A strong surface state, showing a 1 ϫ 1 periodicity, can be detected above the transition temperature. This state resembles parts of two surface states which, already before the transition temperature is reached, have begun a transformation and lost much of their 2 ͱ 3 ϫ 2 ͱ 3 periodicities. Calculated surface band structures obtained from 1 ϫ 1 models with one monolayer of Sn are compared with ARPES and STM results. It is found that the strong surface state present above the transition temperature shows a dispersion similar to that of a calculated surface band originating from the Sn-Si interface with the Sn atoms in T 1 sites.

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“…It has been observed in simple model systems consisting of Pb and Sn monolayers on a Ge(111) surface [6][7][8] . Using transmission electron microscopy, lateral ordering was observed qualitatively in thicker films.…”

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confidence: 99%

Liquid ordering at the Brushite-{010}–water interface

et al. 2004

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Using surface x-ray diffraction, we have determined the atomic structure of the ͕010͖ interface of brushite, CaHPO 4 ·2͑H 2 O͒, with water. Since this biomineral contains water layers as part of its crystal structure, special ordering properties at the interface are expected. We found that this interface consists of two water bilayers with different ordering properties. The first water bilayer is highly ordered and can be considered as part of the brushite crystal structure. Surprisingly, the second water bilayer exhibits no in-plane order, but shows only layering in the perpendicular direction. We propose that the low level of water ordering at the interface is correlated with the low solubility of brushite in water.

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Structure of liquid Sn on Ge(111)

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

New(3×3)R30°Phase of Pb on Ge(111) and Its Consequence for the Melting Transition

New(3×3)R30°Phase of Pb on Ge(111) and Its Consequence for the Melting Transition

Atomic and electronic structures of the ordered23×23and molten1×1phase on the Si(111):Sn surface

Liquid ordering at the Brushite-{010}–water interface

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