Structure of nanoparticle aggregate films built using pulsed-mode electrospray atomization

Zhu, Yuxuan; Chiarot, Paul R.

doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03349-3

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…An extension of ESD, coined self-limiting ESD (SLED), has been demonstrated by only spraying glassy insulating materials below their glass-transition temperature ( T g ) and mixed with a volatile solvent onto a sufficiently conducting substrate. − A limited thickness that is proportional to the imposed electric-field strength will be achieved as charges accumulate with increased spray time and spray is redirected to uncoated parts of the target (shown in Figure b). We have employed different polymers to investigate the mechanism of self-limiting through ESD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Self-Limiting Electrospray Deposition Compositional Limits for Mechanically Tunable Polymer Composites

Green-Warren

Bontoux

McAllister

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Electrospray deposition (ESD) is a versatile micro-/nanocoating technology that utilizes the competition between the surface charge of a droplet and its surface tension to create monodisperse generations of micro-/nanodroplets. ESD can deposit uniform thin films by including dilute solutes in these droplets. One mode of ESD, self-limiting ESD (SLED), has been shown to exist when glassy polymers are sprayed in a volatile solvent below the polymer glass-transition temperature (T g). This leads to charge accumulation on the coating surface that slows the growth of the film thickness. Since solutes can be easily blended in dilute ESD solutions, we investigate the SLED limits of self-limiting and non-self-limiting solute blends. As a motivating application, we focus on the mechanical properties of the films. Specifically, we blend self-limiting polystyrene and SU-8 epoxy resin with different non-self-limiting mechanical modifiers, such as plasticizers and curing agents. To characterize the resulting morphologies and mechanical properties, we employ scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation of the as-received porous and thermally smoothed films. The results illustrate the formation of composited polymers that exhibit self-limiting ability by SLED, depending on the interaction between the two components. Furthermore, mechanical properties could be effectively fine-tuned within these compositional ranges. This signifies that the 3D coating capabilities available through SLED can be enhanced by incorporating additional functionalities and properties beyond the base matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Self-Limiting Electrospray Deposition Compositional Limits for Mechanically Tunable Polymer Composites

Green-Warren

Bontoux

McAllister

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…This is particularly useful in the production of thin nanoporous films and coatings, which can be additionally structured into well-defined arrangements and geometries. The chemical composition of processed nanoparticles is determined by the target application and can include silver [75,189] (surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry), iron oxides [39] and iron [190] (recording media, sensors), carbon [191] (electrodes), titanium oxide [189,192,193] (gas sensors, photocatalysis), gold [43,194,195] (hybrid memory elements), silicon oxide [195,196], polystyrene [189,197], and many other materials. Most of these applications require the coating to have uniform properties across the entire treated surface; therefore, cone-jet mode is typically employed as it produces a fine aerosol with a narrow size distribution of droplets [43].…”

Section: Film Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray: More than just an ionization source

et al. 2020

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is a potential-driven process of liquid atomization, which is employed in the field of analytical chemistry, particularly as an ionization technique for mass spectrometric analyses of biomolecules. In this review, we demonstrate the extraordinary versatility of the electrospray by overviewing the specifics and advanced applications of ESbased processing of low molecular mass compounds, biomolecules, polymers, nanoparticles, and cells. Thus, under suitable experimental conditions, ES can be used as a powerful tool for highly controlled deposition of homogeneous films or various patterns, which may sometimes even be organized into 3D structures. We also emphasize its capacity to produce composite materials including encapsulation systems and polymeric fibers. Further, we present several other, less common ES-based applications. This review provides an insight into the remarkable potential of ES, which can be very useful in the designing of innovative and unique strategies.

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“…Due to the in-flight evaporation, the dried colloids can form aggregates (at sufficiently high material loading) and the homogeneous solutions will form solid and/or porous particles that are deposited on the target. For example, accumulated aggregates of titanium dioxide were used to create multiscale films with high porosity and island-like structures. , Metallic (silver) particles have been printed to create high aspect ratio features and dispersed arrays for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy . Electrospray has been used to print zinc oxide films to create transparent conductive electrodes, gas sensors, and to prepare composite nanoparticles. , Polymer films consisting of polystyrene, poly(allylamine), poly(acrylic acid), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) have been formed on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) surfaces using electrospray. − A wide range of films thicknesses are achievable with electrospray, spanning nano- to micrometer-scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, accumulated aggregates of titanium dioxide were used to create multiscale films with high porosity and island-like structures. 19,20 Metallic (silver) particles have been printed to create high aspect ratio features 21 and dispersed arrays for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. 22 Electrospray has been used to print zinc oxide films to create transparent conductive electrodes, 23 gas sensors, 24 and to prepare composite nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray Printing of Polyimide Films Using Passive Material Focusing

Kingsley

Pawliczak

Hurley

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In electrospray printing, a high electric potential is used to atomize a liquid solution containing the print material into a spray of charged microdroplets. Rapid solvent evaporation from the droplets renders a spray of charged dry particles that are directed onto a target substrate to print a film. Here, we report on electrospray printing of polyimide, an important polymer in electronics manufacturing, aerospace, and environmental applications. Using a passive electrostatic funnel to focus the print material, films were printed with thicknesses of more than 15 μm. However, the use of the funnel resulted in a significant amount of material deflected away from the target. The separation distance from the emitter to the target substrate was a key print parameter, resulting in different rates of film growth at different distances. The film growth was asymptotic, leading to self-limiting thickness due to the accumulation of electric charge in the film. The functionality of the printed films was evaluated by measuring their wettability and dielectric strength. The films maintained consistent surface wettability for a range of print conditions and film thicknesses. Weibull reliability analysis was performed for characterizing the dielectric strength of the printed films. The thickest films could sustain the highest applied potentials, exceeding 1 kV; however, the probability of breakdown increased with increasing electric field strength. As a result, thinner films had a greater breakdown electric field strength of ∼142 V/μm.

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Structure of nanoparticle aggregate films built using pulsed-mode electrospray atomization

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Determining the Self-Limiting Electrospray Deposition Compositional Limits for Mechanically Tunable Polymer Composites

Determining the Self-Limiting Electrospray Deposition Compositional Limits for Mechanically Tunable Polymer Composites

Electrospray: More than just an ionization source

Electrospray Printing of Polyimide Films Using Passive Material Focusing

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