Structure of O-Antigens

Knirel, Yuriy A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3

Cited by 65 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 392 publications

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“…No orthologues potentially involved in deoxyHex synthesis were identified within the LOS region in isolate 65, suggesting that genes outside the LOS locus may play a larger role in LOS biosynthesis than previously thought. Deoxyhexoses, such as 6-deoxy-␤-L-altrose, fucose, or rhamnose, have been frequently detected in the O-chain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of several Gram-negative species (72,73). Nevertheless, in the genus Campylobacter, these sugars have been described as components of C. jejuni capsule (74) and C. fetus LPS (75).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides

et al. 2016

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Despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of LOS in Campylobacter coli. In this study, we investigated the distribution of LOS locus classes among a large collection of unrelated C. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. Furthermore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between LOS locus class sequence diversity and biochemical heterogeneity. After identifying three new LOS locus classes, only 85% of the 144 isolates tested were assigned to a class, suggesting higher genetic diversity than previously thought. This genetic diversity is at the basis of a completely unexplored LOS structural heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry analysis of the LOSs of nine isolates, representing four different LOS classes, identified two features distinguishing C. coli LOS from that of Campylobacter jejuni. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN)-GlcN disaccharides were present in the lipid A backbone, in contrast to the ␤-1=-6-linked 3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcN3N)-GlcN backbone observed in C. jejuni. Moreover, despite the fact that many of the genes putatively involved in 3-acylamino-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (Quip3NAcyl) were apparently absent from the genomes of various isolates, this rare sugar was found in the outer core of all C. coli isolates. Therefore, regardless of the high genetic diversity of the LOS biosynthesis locus in C. coli, we identified species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS that might explain differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation. IMPORTANCEDespite the importance of C. coli to human health and its controversial role as a causative agent of Guillain-Barré syndrome, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of C. coli LOSs. Therefore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to address this paucity of information. We identified two species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS, which might contribute to elucidating the reasons behind the differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation. C ampylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial foodborne disease in developed countries, with over 200,000 human cases being reported annually in the European Union alone (1). The true burden of the disease in the population is likely underestimated, as many infections result in mild gastroenteritis (1). Approximately 80% of reported infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni, and 7 to 18% of cases are attributed to C. coli. Therefore, C. coli is among the five most important bacterial etiological agents of human gastroenteritis (2, 3).As in other Gram-negative bacteria, Campylobacter species cell surface glycoconjugates, including lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), play an important role in serum and bile resistance; resistanc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides

et al. 2016

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“…2, some of which have been reviewed together previously (Bruneteau and Minka 2003; Knirel 2011). Each O unit consists of a di- to tetrasaccharide main chain that contains either d -Glc p NAc or d -Gal p NAc as the first sugar (see below), with one or two sugars present in side branches.…”

Section: O-unit Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and evolution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides: a novel pattern of O-antigen diversity

Kenyon

Cunneen

Reeves

2017

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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O-antigen polysaccharide is a major immunogenic feature of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and most species produce a large variety of forms that differ substantially from one another. There are 18 known O-antigen forms in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, which are typical in being composed of multiple copies of a short oligosaccharide called an O unit. The O-antigen gene clusters are located between the hemH and gsk genes, and are atypical as 15 of them are closely related, each having one of five downstream gene modules for alternative main-chain synthesis, and one of seven upstream modules for alternative side-branch sugar synthesis. As a result, many of the genes are in more than one gene cluster. The gene order in each module is such that, in general, the earlier a gene product functions in O-unit synthesis, the closer the gene is to the 5΄ end for side-branch modules or the 3΄ end for main-chain modules. We propose a model whereby natural selection could generate the observed pattern in gene order, a pattern that has also been observed in other species.

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“…Whereas the type 15B wciZ gene coding for 10 a functional wciZ acetyl transferase contains eight TA repeats, the 15C wciZ gene is truncated, encompassing between six, seven or nine TA repeats. It was found that wciZ coded by (TA) 7 or (TA) 9 wciZ retaining partial activity, whereas type 15C strains with (TA) 6 wciZ had barely detectable CPS O-acetylation levels. 85 In support to the assumption that the influence of O-acetylation on CPS biological properties is 15 polysaccharide-dependent, 75 it was suggested that CPS O-acetylation had little effect on the biological properties of CPS in the case of S. pneumoniae types 15B and 15C and allowed for only limited evasion of Pneumovax  -elicited anti-serotype 15B antibodies.…”

Section: -85 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPS consists of three structural parts: the lipid A that serves as an anchor into the membrane, a core oligosaccharide (OS), and an O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP), which is the most surface-exposed and structurally diverse constituent. 5,6 CPS and O-SP may be homopolymers, as exemplified by the high molecular weight negatively charged capsule shared by Escherichia coli K1, Neisseria 30 meningitidis serogroup B (MenB), Mannheimia haemolytica and Moraxella nonliquefaciens (Fig. 1A), 7 or by the neutral O-SP of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba, 8 respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial polysaccharides as major surface antigens: interest in O-acetyl substitutions

Mulard¹

2017

Carbohydrate Chemistry

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Structure of O-Antigens

Cited by 65 publications

References 392 publications

Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides

Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides

Genetics and evolution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides: a novel pattern of O-antigen diversity

Bacterial polysaccharides as major surface antigens: interest in O-acetyl substitutions

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