Structure of protein emulsion in food impacts intestinal microbiota, caecal luminal content composition and distal intestine characteristics in rats

Abstract

Overall, the structure of protein emulsion in food affects the expression of amino acid transporters and gut peptides concomitantly with modification of the gut microbiota composition and activity. Our data suggest that these effects of the emulsion structure are the result of a modification of protein digestion properties.

Lipo‐Protein Emulsion Structure in the Diet Affects Protein Digestion Kinetics, Intestinal Mucosa Parameters and Microbiota Composition

“…Both genera contain bile acids resistant species . We previously proposed that lipids in GCE diet are less digestible . They may require longer exposure to bile acids in the digestive system for complete absorption.…”

“…The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg kg –1 body weight i.p.) before collecting portal and peripheral blood into tubes containing EDTA and protease inhibitor as described before . Plasma were frozen after centrifugation and stored at –80 °C for peptide and biochemical analysis.…”

“…RT‐PCR was performed based on TaqMan gene expression assays with predesigned Taqman primers and probes for the Rat (Assays‐on‐Demand TM , Gene Expression Products; Applied Biosystems) (Supporting Information Table S1). β‐actin, a housekeeping gene, was used to normalize the mRNA abundance of each target gene as described previously …”

“…Total microbial DNA was extracted from ≈150 mg of fecal sample and sequencing of V3‐V4 16S rDNA was performed as previously described (for details see Supporting Information methods). Paired‐end reads obtained from MiSeq sequencing were merged using FLASH v1.2.11 reads software (parameters: −m 20; ‐M 170; −x 0.25; PHRED 33) .…”

“…We showed in vitro that LFE displays higher initial rate of both proteolysis and lipolysis than GCE . In a previous in vivo study, we showed that when incorporated into the diet, the LFE upregulates (relative to GCE) selective expression of AA transporter systems in the ileum, increases the Lactobacillus abundance and enhances the caecal concentration of isovalerate, a leucine‐derived short chain fatty acid (SCFA) . Here, we aimed to test, in vivo, the impact of the lipoprotein emulsion structure in the diet on the dietary protein digestion kinetics and on the AA incorporation in N metabolic pools.…”