Structure of the Brain and Medulla Terminalis of the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus and the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii, with an Emphasis on Olfactory Centers

Blaustein, David N.; Derby, Charles D.; Simmons, Robert B.; Beall, Arthur C.

doi:10.2307/1548686

Cited by 92 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…These neuropile columns are absent in the megalopa which reveal a less prominent, dense and homogeneously structured neuropile of the olfactory lobes. In addition, further structural peculiarities of the adult cerebral neuropile such as hemielipsoid body, glomeruh in the terminal medulla, protocerebral bridge, and clear demarcation between certain neuropiles (Tsvileneva & Titova, 1985;Blaustein et al, 1988) could not be recognized in the larvae. Thus it seems that increasing complexity of the neuropile characterizes maturation in various cerebral areas.…”

Section: Larval Versus Adult Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the CNS of Carcinus maenas, Bethe's famous "Carcinus Experiment" certainly is of standing importance (Bethe, 1897). Since the exhaustive review of Bullock & Horridge (1965), in recent years additional aspects of brain morphology have been dealt with in decapod crustaceans (Tsvileneva & Titova, 1985;N~ssel & Elofsson, 1987;Blaustein et al, 1988), in particular applying immunohistochemical techniques (Sandeman et al, 1988(Sandeman et al, , 1990Johansson, 1991). A considerable amount of information is available about the ultrastructural organization of central ganglia including the neuropile, nerve cell bodies and glia (Abbott, 1971;Sandeman & Luff, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the morphology of the central nervous system in larval stages ofCarcinus maenas L. (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Harzsch

Dawirs

1993

Helgolander Meeresunters

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We investigated the morphology of the central nervous system throughout the larval development of Carcinus maenas. For that purpose single larvae were reared in the laboratory from hatching through metamorphosis. Complete series of whole mount semithin sections were obtained from individuals of all successive larval stages and analysed with a light microscope. Morphological feature and spatial arrangement of discernable neural cell clusters, fibre tracts and neuropile are described and compared with the adult pattern. We found that most of the morphological features characterizing the adult nervous system are already present in the zoea-1. Nevertheless, there are marked differences with respect to the arrangement of nerve cell bodies, organization of cerebral neuropile, and disposition of ganglia in the ventral nerve cord. It appears that complexity of the central nervous neuropile is selectively altered during postmetamorphotic development, probably reflecting adaptive changes of.sensory-motor integration in response to behavioural maturation. In contrast, during larval development there was httle change in the overall structural organization of the central nervous system despite some considerable growth. However, the transition from zoea-4 to megalopa brings about multiple fundamental changes in larval morphology and behavioural pattern. Since central nervous integration should properly adapt to the altered behavioural repertoire of the megalopa, it seems necessary to ask in which respect synaptic rearrangement might characterize development of the central nervous system.

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Section: Larval Versus Adult Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of the central nervous system in larval stages ofCarcinus maenas L. (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Harzsch

Dawirs

1993

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…the lamina ganglionaris, the medulla externa, the medulla interna (= lobula), and finally the medulla terminalis, which is in fact part of the lateral protocerebrum of the brain (123)(124)(125). The eyestalk proved to be an important source of neuropeptides and small modulators such as serotonin and melatonin involved in circadian regulation, that affect rhythms of locomotion, pigment distribution, and eye sensitivity (10,20,21,95).…”

Section: Eyestalk Systems and Mediators Of Circadian Rhythmicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…within the central glomeruli or neuropiles III and VII of the medulla terminalis in P. clarkii; 123) from input terminals of neurons releasing 5HT, biogenic amines (dopamine, octopamine) and enkephalins (see also 3.2.6.) and further inputs from areas next to the olfactory-globular tract (OGT), the likely PDH-ir (see below) optic-globular tract (OPT-GT) which is connected to the so-called diamedullary neuropil adjacent to the medulla and lobula (terminology according to (123), apart from other inputs originating in the brain (77). As judged from pharmacological experiments, serotonin (103,180,181), GABA (182), dopamine (183), and several other components (see 178) likely regulate CHH rhythmicity.…”

Section: Crustacean Hyperglycaemic Hormone (Chh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems

Strauß

Dircksen²

2010

Front Biosci

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Circadian rhythms are known for locomotory and reproductive behaviours, and the functioning of sensory organs, nervous structures, metabolism and developmental processes. The mechanisms and cellular bases of control are mainly inferred from circadian phenomenologies, ablation experiments and pharmacological approaches. Cellular systems for regulation summarised here comprise the retina, the eyestalk neuroendocrine X-organ-sinus gland system, several neuropeptides such as red pigment concentrating, hyperglycaemic and pigment-dispersing hormones, and factors such as serotonin and melatonin. No master clock has been identified, but a model of distributed clockwork involves oscillators such as the retinular cells, neurosecretory systems in the optic lobes, putative brain pacemakers, and the caudal photoreceptor. Extraretinal brain photoreceptors mediate entrainment. Comparative analyses of clock neurons and proteins known from insects may allow the identification of candidate clock neurons in crustaceans as putative homologues in the two taxa. Evidence for the existence of "insect-like" intracellular clock proteins and (light sensitive) transcription factors is scarce, but clock-, period-, and cryptochrome-gene products have been localised in the CNS and other organs rendering further investigations into crustacean clockwork very promising.

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“…In contrast to the OL, which receives only primary olfactory inputs, the AL receives higher-order olfactory, visual and mechanosensory inputs Sullivan and Beltz 2005b). Accessory lobes appear to have arisen de novo in the Eureptantia (lobsters, crayfish and crabs; Sandeman et al 1993) and are among the most prominent neuropils in the brains of lobsters and crayfish (Blaustein et al 1988;Sandeman et al 1993;Sandeman and Scholz 1995). They are greatly reduced in size and complexity, however, in crabs (Sandeman et al 1992(Sandeman et al , 1993Sandeman and Scholtz 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons

et al. 2007

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Adult neurogenesis is a characteristic feature of the olfactory pathways of decapod crustaceans. In crayfish and clawed lobsters, adult-born neurons are the progeny of precursor cells with glial characteristics located in a neurogenic niche on the ventral surface of the brain. The daughters of these precursor cells migrate during S and G 2 stages of the cell cycle along glial fibers to lateral (cluster 10) and medial (cluster 9) proliferation zones. Here, they divide (M phase) producing offspring that differentiate into olfactory interneurons. The complete lineage of cells producing neurons in these animals, therefore, is arranged along the migratory stream according to cell cycle stage. We have exploited this model to examine the influence of environmental and endogenous factors on adult neurogenesis. We find that increased levels of serotonin upregulate neuronal production, as does maintaining animals in an enriched (versus deprived) environment or augmenting their diet with omega-3 fatty acids; increased levels of nitric oxide, on the other hand, decrease the rate of neurogenesis. The features of the neurogenic niche and migratory streams, and the fact that these continue to function in vitro, provide opportunities unavailable in other organisms to explore the sequence of cellular and molecular events leading to the production of new neurons in adult brains.

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Structure of the Brain and Medulla Terminalis of the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus and the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii, with an Emphasis on Olfactory Centers

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

On the morphology of the central nervous system in larval stages ofCarcinus maenas L. (Decapoda, Brachyura)

On the morphology of the central nervous system in larval stages ofCarcinus maenas L. (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems

Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons

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