Structure of the Energy-Momentum Tensor and Applications

Hudson, Jonathan; Perevalova, I. A.; Polyakov, Maxim V.; Schweitzer, P.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1612.06721

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…(We refer to Ref. [54] for an overview of the different notations used in literature.) Hadrons with higher spins have additional EMT form factors because, for instance in the spin-1 case the polarization vectors * µ ν can be used to generate further symmetric Lorentz structures.…”

Section: Definition Of Emt Form Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces inside hadrons: Pressure, surface tension, mechanical radius, and all that

Polyakov

Schweitzer

2018

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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340

442

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The physics related to the form factors of the energy momentum tensor spans a wide spectrum of problems, and includes gravitational physics, hard exclusive reactions, hadronic decays of heavy quarkonia, and the physics of exotic hadrons described as hadroquarkonia. It also provides access to the "last global unknown property:" the D-term. We review the physics associated with the form factors of the energy-momentum tensor and the D-term, their interpretations in terms of mechanical properties, their applications, and the current experimental status.

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Section: Definition Of Emt Form Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces inside hadrons: Pressure, surface tension, mechanical radius, and all that

Polyakov

Schweitzer

2018

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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340

442

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“…where n denotes the number of space-time dimensions. To motivate the improvement term (16) we recall that the coupling of spin-0 fields like (8,15) to gravity is given by an effective action…”

Section: Weakly Interacting Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EMT densities not only provide a unique way to gain insights on the particle stability and mechanical properties, but also have important practical applications [15]. For a recent review on the D-term we refer to [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D term and the structure of pointlike and composed spin-0 particles

Hudson

Schweitzer

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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This work deals with form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of spin-0 particles and the unknown particle property D-term related to the EMT, and is divided into three parts.The first part explores free, weakly and strongly interacting theories to study EMT form factors with the following findings. (i) The free Klein-Gordon theory predicts for the D-term D = −1.(ii) Even infinitesimally small interactions can drastically impact D. (iii) In strongly interacting theories one can encounter large negative D though notable exceptions exist, which includes Goldstone bosons of chiral symmetry breaking. (iv) Contrary to common belief one cannot arbitrarily add "total derivatives" to the EMT. Rather the EMT must be defined in an unambiguous way.The second part deals with the interpretation of the information content of EMT form factors in terms of 3D-densities with following results. (i) The 3D-density formalism is internally consistent.(ii) The description is subject to relativistic corrections but those are acceptably small in phenomenologically relevant situations including nucleon and nuclei. (iii) The free field result D = −1 persists when a spin-0 boson is not point-like but "heuristically given some internal structure."The third part investigates the question, whether such "giving of an extended structure" can be implemented dynamically, and has the following insights. (i) We construct a consistent microscopic theory which, in a certain parametric limit, interpolates between extended and point-like solutions.(ii) This theory is exactly solvable which is rare in 3 + 1 dimensions, admits non-topological solitons of Q-ball-type, and has a Gaussian field amplitude. (iii) The interaction of this theory belongs to a class of logarithmic potentials which were discussed in literature, albeit in different contexts including beyond standard model phenomenology, cosmology, and Higgs physics.

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“…The gravitational form factors parametrise the matrix elements of the energy momentum tensor (EMT) between physical states; they can serve as quantum corrections to external gravitational fields [32], or as probes of the nucleon structure [33,34]. The spin-1/2 case is discussed in App.…”

Section: Gravitational Form Factors Of Spin-0mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where σ µq = σ µν q ν . Now, g 1 (0) = 1 in order to get the mass relation correct and g 2 (0) = 0 is equivalent to the vanishing of the nucleon's gravitomagnetic moment [34] ((g 1 , g 2 , g 3 ) = (A, B, D) in their notation). The third form factor, sometimes referred to as the D-term but denoted by g 3 in order to avoid confusion with the dilaton, is unknown although related to the pressure and the shear.…”

Section: B Gravitational Form Factors Of Spin-1/2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilaton and Massive Hadrons in a Conformal Phase

Debbio¹,

Zwicky²

2021

Preprint

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As the number of fermion fields is increased, gauge theories are expected to undergo a transition from a QCD-like phase, characterised by confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, to a conformal phase, where the theory becomes scale-invariant at large distances. In this paper, we discuss some properties of a third phase, where spontaneously broken conformal symmetry is characterised by its Goldstone boson, the dilaton. In this phase, which we refer to as conformal dilaton phase, the massless pole corresponding to the Goldstone boson guarantees that the conformal Ward identities are satisfied in the infrared despite the other hadrons carrying mass. In particular, using renormalisation group arguments in Euclidean space, we show that the trace of the energy momentum tensor vanishes on all physical states as a result of the fixed point. In addition form factors obey an exact constraint for every hadron and are thus suitable probes to identify this phase in the context of lattice Monte Carlo studies. For this purpose we examine how the system behaves under explicit symmetry breaking, via quark-mass and finite-volume deformations. Quantities vanishing in the conformal dilaton phase show hyperscaling under mass-deformation, e.g. m D = O(m 1/(1+γ * ) q) for the dilaton mass. This provides another clean search pattern.

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Structure of the Energy-Momentum Tensor and Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Forces inside hadrons: Pressure, surface tension, mechanical radius, and all that

Forces inside hadrons: Pressure, surface tension, mechanical radius, and all that

D term and the structure of pointlike and composed spin-0 particles

Dilaton and Massive Hadrons in a Conformal Phase

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