Structure of the enterocyte transcytosis compartments during lipid absorption

Сесорова, И. С.; Карелина, Наталья Рафаиловна; Kazakova, Tatiana E; Parashuraman, Seetharaman; Здорикова, М. А.; Dimov, Ivan; Seliverstova, Elena V.; Beznoussenko, Galina V.; Mirоnоv, Alexander A.

doi:10.1007/s00418-020-01851-3

Cited by 19 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In 2020, a new hypothesis emerged [53,59]. It has been shown that when enterocytes are overloaded with fat, the fat droplets (chylomicrons) produced in the secretory pathway of small intestinal cells increase in size and contain fewer proteins, although they are sucked into the lymph [60,61]. When such chylomicrons pass through the overloaded Golgi complex (a cellular organelle where a long chain of polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, is attached to proteins for export) glycosylation (attachment of such chains) of apoproteins is disrupted.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact is that the modified LDL had a low content of sialic acid in polysaccharides synthesized on apo-proteins. We studied the function of the Golgi apparatus [71], and then checked how the lipid overload of enterocytes affects the structure and chemical composition of chylomicrons [60]. Further, it was proved that enterocyte overload can stimulate the synthesis of polysaccharide autoantigens [62].…”

Section: Our Scientific Discoveriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also known that enterocytes cannot synthesize sufficient amounts of cholesterol themselves, but are able to capture it from blood LDL, which are formed from VLDL, formed by hepatocytes. It is the consumption of too much vegetable fat in one meal that leads to vegans forming large chylomicrons, which circulate longer in the blood and are more susceptible to oxidation in this oxygenated liquid [60,61]. Lipid transcytosis is impaired when enterocytes are overloaded with lipids, chylomicrons are increased in size [60].…”

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the consumption of too much vegetable fat in one meal that leads to vegans forming large chylomicrons, which circulate longer in the blood and are more susceptible to oxidation in this oxygenated liquid [60,61]. Lipid transcytosis is impaired when enterocytes are overloaded with lipids, chylomicrons are increased in size [60]. They have glycosylation defects leading to the formation of autoantibodies [62].…”

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images (E,F,H,I) are from our archives of already published data. Image (A) is adapted from Sesorova et al [60]. Image (F) is adapted from Sesorova et al [61].…”

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Mirоnоv

Beznoussenko

2022

IJMS

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Atherosclerosis is a multicausal disease characterized by the formation of cholesterol-containing plaque in the pronounced intima nearest to the heart’s elastic-type arteries that have high levels of blood circulation. Plaques are formed due to arterial pressure-induced damage to the endothelium in areas of turbulent blood flow. It is found in the majority of the Western population, including young people. This denies the monogenic mechanism of atherogenesis. In 1988, Orekhov et al. and Kawai et al. discovered that the presence of atherogenic (modified, including oxidized ones) LDLs is necessary for atherogenesis. On the basis of our discovery, suggesting that the overloading of enterocytes with lipids could lead to the formation of modified LDLs, we proposed a new hypothesis explaining the main factors of atherogenesis. Indeed, when endothelial cells are damaged and then pass through the G2 phase of their cell cycle they secrete proteins into their basement membrane. This leads to thickening of the basement membrane and increases its affinity to LDL especially for modified ones. When the enterocyte transcytosis pathway is overloaded with fat, very large chylomicrons are formed, which have few sialic acids, circulate in the blood for a long time, undergo oxidation, and can induce the production of autoantibodies. It is the sialic acids that shield the short forks of the polysaccharide chains to which autoantibodies are produced. Here, these data are evaluated from the point of view of our new model.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Our Scientific Discoveriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images (E,F,H,I) are from our archives of already published data. Image (A) is adapted from Sesorova et al [60]. Image (F) is adapted from Sesorova et al [61].…”

Section: Role Of Overloading Of Enterocytes With Lipids In the Format...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Mirоnоv

Beznoussenko

2022

IJMS

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Zooming into lipid droplet biology through the lens of electron microscopy

Dudka,

Salo,

Mahamid

2024

FEBS Letters

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Electron microscopy (EM), in its various flavors, has significantly contributed to our understanding of lipid droplets (LD) as central organelles in cellular metabolism. For example, EM has illuminated that LDs, in contrast to all other cellular organelles, are uniquely enclosed by a single phospholipid monolayer, revealed the architecture of LD contact sites with different organelles, and provided near‐atomic resolution maps of key enzymes that regulate neutral lipid biosynthesis and LD biogenesis. In this review, we first provide a brief history of pivotal findings in LD biology unveiled through the lens of an electron microscope. We describe the main EM techniques used in the context of LD research and discuss their current capabilities and limitations, thereby providing a foundation for utilizing suitable EM methodology to address LD‐related questions with sufficient level of structural preservation, detail, and resolution. Finally, we highlight examples where EM has recently been and is expected to be instrumental in expanding the frontiers of LD biology.

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Algorithm for Modern Electron Microscopic Examination of the Golgi Complex

Mirоnоv¹,

Beznoussenko²

2022

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Structure of the enterocyte transcytosis compartments during lipid absorption

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis

Zooming into lipid droplet biology through the lens of electron microscopy

Algorithm for Modern Electron Microscopic Examination of the Golgi Complex

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