Structure of the nanobubble clusters of dissolved air in liquid media

Abstract

A qualitative model of the nucleation of stable bubbles in water at room temperature is suggested. This model is completely based on the property of the affinity of water at the nanometer scale; it is shown that under certain conditions the extent of disorder in a liquid starts growing, which results in a spontaneous decrease of the local density of the liquid and in the formation of nanometer-sized voids. These voids can serve as nuclei for the following generation of the so-called bubstons (the abbreviation for bubbles, stabilized by ions). The model of charging the bubstons by the ions, which are capable of adsorption, and the screening by a cloud of counter-ions, which are incapable of adsorption, is analyzed. It was shown that, subject to the charge of bubston, two regimes of such screening can be realized. At low charge of bubston the screening is described in the framework of the known linearized Debye-Huckel approach, when the sign of the counterion cloud preserves its sign everywhere in the liquid surrounding the bubston, whereas at large charge this sign is changed at some distance from the bubston surface. This effect provides the mechanism of the emergence of two types of compound particles having the opposite polarity, which leads to the aggregation of such compound particles by a ballistic kinetics.

Heat-induced formation of nitrogen oxides in water

“…The impact of light was demonstrated to have a resonance character because radiations beyond the absorption bands of molecular oxygen did not lead to the formation of ROS in water [20]. It was supposed [16,18,20] that the physicochemical mechanism of the transformation of the heat energy into highly energetic processes leading to the cleavage of chemical bonds and the formation of radical products is the adiabatic collapse of gaseous nanobubbles of atmospheric air contained in the solution [42], as it occurs by the action of ultrasound [43]. The triggering of the collapse of nanobubbles may result from a local electromagnetic perturbation induced by the transition of oxygen into a singlet state [20].…”

Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach

“…Different authors suggest several assumptions to justify this property [13,38]. The molecular dynamics simulation can provide on this subject some precious elements of thinking [39].…”

“…These situations are particularly studied for the establishment of the procedures of decompression of the persons working in hyperbaric atmosphere (divers, deep-sea divers) [7][8][9][10][11][12], or for the understanding of the breathe of marine species [13]. Their study is therefore of the highest importance by their benefits.…”

A method of studying spectral optical characteristics of a homogeneous medium by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

“…Water molecules exhibit a large dipole moment and an extremely rich spectrum of rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. Therefore, the THz spectral characteristics of water reveal numerous peculiarities and substantially vary upon changes in conditions of the surrounding medium [5][6][7]. Major part of the relict cosmic radiation, which has the spectral composition typical of a blackbody radiation with a temperature of 3 K, falls into the microwave and THz regions of the electromagnetic spectrum [8,9].…”