Structure-Property Model for Microemulsion Phase Behavior

Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop a model to predict the optimum phase behavior of chemical formulations for a given oil based on the molecular structure of the surfactants and co-solvents. The model is sufficiently accurate to provide a useful guide to an experimental testing program for the development of chemical EOR formulations. There are thousands of combinations of surfactants and co-solvents that could be tested for each oil, so even approximate predictions are very useful in terms of reducing the time and effort required for testing and for prioritizing the chemical combinations to test that are most likely to yield ultra-low IFT at reservoir conditions. The effects of changing molecular structures (e.g. swapping head groups, swapping hydrophobes, increasing the length of hydrophobes, increasing the number of PO and EO groups, adjusting the ratios of surfactants) are shown. The variables with the greatest impact on the optimum salinity and solubilization ratio were identified, and methods are proposed to shift the optimum salinity and the optimum solubilization ratios in any desired direction. The structure-property model was developed and tested using a large dataset consisting of 684 microemulsion phase behavior experiments using 24 oils. The chemical formulations used 85 surfactants and 18 co-solvents in various combinations. Both optimum salinity and optimum solubilization ratio (and thus IFT) are modeled whereas other models have focused almost exclusively on the optimum salinity. Predicting the optimum solubilization ratio is actually of more value because of its relationship to IFT. The models include the effects of co-solvent partitioning, soap formation and the molecular structure of both the surfactants and co-solvents.

Application of Ultrashort Hydrophobe Surfactants with Cosolvent Characters for Heavy Oil Recovery

“…Depending on brine salinity, brine hardness, and temperature, EO number should be adjusted for aqueous stability. Chang et al discussed details of alcohol alkoxylated and other surfactants along with cosolvents …”

“…Chang et al discussed details of alcohol alkoxylated and other surfactants along with cosolvents. 37 In this research, we attempt to minimize the PO and EO numbers added to phenol because the main objective of this study is to test ultrashort hydrophobe surfactants for improved polymer flooding for heavy oil recovery. Phenol-1PO-xEO studied by Upamali et al and Sharma et al did not give desirable emulsion phase behavior with the heavy oil studied in this research.…”