Structure–Property Relations in Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Downscaling Solution Processing

Headrick, Robert J.; Tsentalovich, Dmitri E.; Berdegué, Julián; Bengio, E. Amram; Liberman, Lucy; Kleinerman, Olga; Lucas, M. S.; Talmon, Yeshayahu; Pasquali, Matteo

doi:10.1002/adma.201704482

Cited by 113 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Our tenacity is not as high as the highest reported CNT textiles: 2.0 [27] [47]. At present, the tenacity is closer to fibers made from extruding CSA CNT solutions into a coagulant: 1.62 [10] to 1.7 N tex ─1 [48]. For reference, high-strength commercial carbon fiber can be to 3.4 to 3.9 N tex ─1 [12] [49] [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Extreme stretching of high G:D ratio carbon nanotube fibers using super-acid

Bulmer

Mizen

Gspann

et al. 2019

Carbon

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Few-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) textiles with unparalleled graphitic perfection and a solitary, prominent radial breathing mode (RBM) associated with metallic chirality have been mechanically stretched in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) to a degree so far unseen in CNT textiles (150 to 250% of original length) with notably little tension required. This dramatically enhanced their microstructural alignment and density and, after most of the residual CSA was removed by a vacuum bake, the de-doped fiber's electrical conductivity was found to be 45% greater than single-crystal graphite-a significant milestone for CNT conductor development towards graphitic intercalation compounds (GICs) and traditional metals. Correlation tables and validated, multivariate statistical models show that conductivity is overwhelmingly linked to stretching degree, although eventually saturates near single-crystal graphite levels, implying the existence of a maximum undoped conductivity. The degree of stretching within CSA is correlated with the original mechanical properties (tenacity, elongation-to-break, and linear density); the Raman G':G ratio and the upper-end oxidation temperature in thermogravimetric analysis also predict the best results. Less graphenically pristine CNT materials stretch to a lower degree in CSA, similar to previous reports. This study highlights the importance of post-synthesis processing to achieve superior performance in carbon nanotube textile materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Extreme stretching of high G:D ratio carbon nanotube fibers using super-acid

Bulmer

Mizen

Gspann

et al. 2019

Carbon

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“…in acid 8.50 × 10 4 (1,18 × 10 −5 ) 5.7 × 10 3 1.5 Tsentalovich et al, 2017 Thin MWCNTs, wet-spinning sol. 1.82 × 10 4 (5.49 × 10 −5 ) ∼1.2 × 10 3 1.3−1.8 Wang et al, 2014 MWCNT yarns 300 (3.3 × 10 −3 ) 3.75 × 10 1 Mirfakhrai et al, 2008 MWCNT purified yarns 400−800 (2.5−1.25 × 10 −3 ) 4.4−8.9 × 10 1 Jakubinek et al, 2012 (2000-MWCNT purified yarns 2500 • C) annealed MWCNT yarns 1.32 × 10 3 (7.6 × 10 −4 ) Dini et al, 2020 HSO 3 Cl-doped coagulation bath 7.7 × 10 4 (1.3 × 10 −5 ) 4.9 × 10 3 1.58 Headrick et al, 2018 MWCNT oxidized in HNO 3 (5M) yarns 969 (1.03 × 10 −3 ) - Li et al, 2007 HSO 3 Cl-doped SWCNT yarns 2.9 × 10 4 (3.4 × 10 −5 ) 2.2 × 10 3 6.6 × 10 3 1.3 Behabtu et al, 2013 I-doped SWCNT yarns 5.0 × 10 4 (3.4 × 10 −5 ) ∼3.57 × 10 3 1.4 Behabtu et al, 2013 HSO 3 Cl and I-doped SWCNT yarns 5 × 10 4 (2 × 10 −5 ) 4.18 × 10 3 1.2 Behabtu et al, 2013 Thermally oxidized and chemically etched DWCNT yarns (H 2 O 2 30%), HCl (c) , then H 2 SO 4(c) ) 2 × 10 4 (5 × 10 −5 ) ∼7.1 × 10 3 ∼10 4 -10 5 0.28 Zhao et al, 2011 as above additionally I-doped DWCNT yarns 6.7 × 10 4 (1.5 × 10 −5 ) 1.96 × 10 4 0.33 Zhao et al, 2011 Doped graphene fibers:…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEM images of the same fibers are reported in the insets. Adapted from Headrick et al (2018) with permission from Wiley-VCH. Liu et al (2016), Liu Y. et al (2020.…”

Section: Beyond the Conductivity Of Carbon Yarns And Fibers: Doping Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D X-ray tomography (3D XRT) is a non-destructive method, which now offers a spatial resolution down to ∼10 and 50 nm in synchrotron and lab facilities, respectively. The method could be applied to examine structure, porosity, cracks phase distribution, external habit of fibers (Figure 6), thus highlighting also interfaces within the structure of the assembled fiber (Headrick et al, 2018).…”

Section: A-few Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All-Carbon Conductors for Electronic and Electrical Wiring Applications

et al. 2020

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Electrical conductors based on carbons have recently attracted a growing interest due to the prospect of replacing metals. Electrical conductors without metals could represent not only an alternative for traditional wiring, but also a step forward in the progress and advancing of technology. This result can be achieved by combining high electrical conductivity with other properties, that are dexterity, light weight, environmental stability, high strength and flexibility. As the best mechanical properties, high electrical/thermal conductivity of the assembled fibers are all generally associated with low concentration of defects in the fiber backbone and in the individual carbon "building blocks", a special attention is paid to an empirical relationship between morphology/structure/composition and the electrical properties. In this review, starting from the beginning, from the late 19th century, when the carbon filaments became the lights for urban streets, some of the recent developments in the field of "all-carbon" electrical conductors are discussed. Such conductors can be obtained by assembling nanoscale carbons (i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene) into macroscopic fibers, yarns and ropes (hereafter fibers). In this perspective, the role played by the chemistry in particular by means of the molecularlevel control and doping, is emphasized. This contribution elucidates most recent results in the field, and envisages new potential applications.

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“…Macroscopic fibers of aligned CNT are a particularly attractive format that naturally maximizes the contribution from longitudinal properties of CNTs. Extensive efforts to improve synthetic methods and fiber spinning processes have led to continuous CNT fibers with tensile mechanical properties on par with carbon fibers [3,4,5], thermal conductivity above copper [6,7] and mass-normalized electrical conductivity above that of metals [7,8]. These properties are encouraging, but still represent a small fraction of those of the constituent CNTs and thus leave large room for improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of macroscopic aerogels of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Alemán

Vilatela

2019

Carbon

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) can be assembled into various macroscopic architectures, most notably continuous fibers and films, produced currently on a kilometer-per-day scale by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition and spinning from an aerogel of CNTs. An attractive challenge is to produce continuous fibers with controlled molecular structure with respect to the diameter, chiral angle and ultimately (n,m) indices of the constituent SWCNT "molecules". This work presents an extensive Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of SWCNT aerogels produced by the direct spinning method. By retaining the open structure of the SWCNT aerogel, we reveal the presence of both semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs and determine a full distribution of families of SWCNT grouped by optical transitions. The resulting distribution matches the chiral angle distribution obtained by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The effect of SWCNT bundling on the Raman spectra, such as the G − line shape due to plasmons activated in the far-infrared and semiconductor quenching, are also discussed. By avoiding full aggregation of the aerogel and applying the methodology introduced, rapid screening of molecular features can be achieved in large samples, making this protocol a useful analysis tool for engineered SWCNT fibers and related systems.

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Structure–Property Relations in Carbon Nanotube Fibers by Downscaling Solution Processing

Cited by 113 publications

References 55 publications

Extreme stretching of high G:D ratio carbon nanotube fibers using super-acid

Extreme stretching of high G:D ratio carbon nanotube fibers using super-acid

All-Carbon Conductors for Electronic and Electrical Wiring Applications

Molecular characterization of macroscopic aerogels of single-walled carbon nanotubes

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