Structure–property relationship in mechanochemically prepared polyaniline

Posudievsky, O. Yu.; Goncharuk, O.A.; Barille, Régis; Pokhodenko, V. D.

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.11.032

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, current response and CV curve area of PANI‐6 also exceed those of PANI‐2 and PANI‐10. The presented differences of the electrochemical characteristics among the analyzed PANI samples could be explained with the mentioned morphological features, structural characteristics, and conductivity: the enlarged specific surface area, enhanced ordering, increased carrier concentration, and improved conductivity of this polymer result in more reaction sites, less energy of ionic diffusion, greater discharge capacity, larger current peak in CV curve, and higher reversibility of redox processes taking place in the polymer during cycling of the potential . Comparing to PANI‐2, PANI‐10 occupies less polarization mainly benefiting from its large specific surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The powder XRD patterns of three kinds of PANI samples are shown in Figure and the corresponding data are summarized in Table . All the main reflections observed in patterns can be indexed in a pseudo‐orthorhombic cell and the results are also summarized in Table . A least‐square fit of their 2θ angular positions leads to the unit cell parameters as listed in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conductivity of PANI‐6 is highest. As it is known, the room‐temperature conductivity of the conjugated polymers is determined by a series of factors: carrier concentration, DO, DL, interchain separation length, as well as crystallinity . According to the results of FTIR spectroscopy, PANI‐6 has strongest QNH + B band, which indicates that there is highest concentration of carrier, including polaron and bipolaron.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyaniline with high crystallinity degree: Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties

Xiong

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyaniline (PANI) with high crystallinity degree was facilely synthesized on the surface of stainless steel net by galvanostatic method. The effect of polymerization current density on the characteristics of morphology and structure had been investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FE-SEM observations disclosed that PANI was deposited as nanofibers and their diameters decreased with the polymerization current density. FTIR studies revealed that degree of oxidation increased in order PANI-2 < PANI-6 < PANI-10. XPS measurements displayed that PANI polymerized at 6 mA cm 22 (PANI-6) exhibited much higher doping level of 77.8%, which favored the conductivity. XRD analysis discovered that the obtained PANI showed high crystallinity degree in which PANI-6 possessed highest crystallinity degree (X cr ) up to 67%. Electrochemical performances of PANI as electrode materials were studied via cyclic voltammetry. The results presented that PANI-6 possessed greater discharge capacity and better reversibility.In this study, PANI with high crystallinity degree was synthesized by galvanostatic method on the basis of several points of view: the production is purer and more homogeneous, the devices are facile, and different thickness films could be obtained by controlling polymerization time and/or current density. The data about its spectral properties, structure, conductivity, and electrochemical properties were presented. The effect of polymerization current density on the structure, degree of oxidation (DO), doping level (DL), and crystallinity degree was investigated. The relationship between structure and electric properties was discussed. EXPERIMENTAL ReagentsAniline (C 6 H 7 N, analytical grade from Xi'an Chemical Industry, China) was distilled under reduced pressure before use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyaniline with high crystallinity degree: Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties

Xiong

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The peak at ∼1205–1207 cm −1 can be assigned to the methoxy groups present in the polymeric structure 23. The peak at ∼1126–1150 cm −1 is considered as a measure of degree of delocalization of electrons in polymer chain and is often referred to as conductivity band 24. This particular peak is sharper in PDMA‐HCl suggesting the fact that highly conductive PDMA is formed in the presence of HCl rather than the other doping acids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐dimethoxy aniline) salts

Palaniappan¹,

Chang²,

Liu³

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The interfacial interaction and orientation of molecules during the polymerization process plays a vital role in the enhancement of the surface properties of conducting polymers. In this perspective, a solid-phase mechanochemical route is employed to prepare poly(2,5-dimethoxy aniline) (PDMA) and its salts with superior properties. Various studies performed on the as-prepared polymer highlights the formation of polymeric particles with excellent physicochemical properties. Elemental analysis showed the presence of dopants anion in the polymeric backbone. Spectroscopic profile of PDMAs revealed the formation of emeraldine form of PDMAs. Moreover, these studies indicate the formation of PDMA-HCl in a highly doped state. The surface morphological pictures of PDMAs revealed the formation of aggregated microstructured to nanostructured particulates. X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of PDMAs. PDMA salts exhibited crystalline behavior and good electrochemical activity. TG/ DTA analysis showed that all the PDMAs were thermally stable up to 240 C.

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“…As an extension of the traditional synthesis method, the solid-state synthesis method has many advantages: reduced pollution, low costs, and simplicity in process and handling. Now, it is widely used for synthesizing polyaniline type conducting polymers [10,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Synthesis of Polyaniline/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Comparative Study with Polyaniline/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2012

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The polyaniline/single-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWNTs) composites with a content of SWNTs varying from 8 wt% to 32 wt% were synthesized using a solid-state synthesis method. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performances of the composites were investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge and cycling stability measurements. The structure and properties of PANI/SWNTs were compared with those of PANI/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/MWNTs) prepared under the same polymerization conditions. The results from FTIR and UV-vis spectra showed that the composites with SWNTs displayed a higher oxidation and doping degree than pure PANI, which is similar to that of PANI/MWNTs. The morphological studies revealed that PANI/SWNTs did not display any rod-like and granular-like features, which appeared in PANI/MWNTs. The galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements indicated that the specific capacitance of PANI/SWNTs is not higher than that of PANI/MWNTs, but the PANI/SWNTs exhibited higher cycling stability and more stable electrochemical behavior in neutral and alkaline electrolytes than PANI/MWNTs.

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Structure–property relationship in mechanochemically prepared polyaniline

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Polyaniline with high crystallinity degree: Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties

Polyaniline with high crystallinity degree: Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties

Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐dimethoxy aniline) salts

Solid-State Synthesis of Polyaniline/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Comparative Study with Polyaniline/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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