Structure–property relationships of irradiation grafted nano-inorganic particle filled polypropylene composites

Rong, Min Zhi; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Zheng, Yong Xiang; Zeng, Han; Walter, Rolf; Friedrich, K.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00325-6

Cited by 593 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These studies indicate that polymer/inorganic nanocomposites are much lighter in weight and easier to process than conventional microcomposites. 4 To a large extent, improvement in these properties depends on the morphology and dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix. However, obtaining a homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymeric matrix is a very difficult task when using only a simple mixing method, because of the strong tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of the available processing techniques, melt blending of polymers with nanoparticles is still the optimum method of compounding. To achieve homogeneous dispersions of nanoparticles in polymeric matrices and to enhance the interactions between fillers and polymer matrices during the melt-blending process, several methods are generally applied: 4,[9][10][11][12][13] (1) the surface modification of nanoparticles with coupling agents or active monomers; (2) the polar group functionalization of polymers with partial oxidation, g-rays, electron beams, microwaves, UV irradiation or polar grafting; (3) the addition of a bifunctional component (compatibilizer) that can interact with both fillers and polymer matrices; and (4) the mechanochemical modification of nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ultrasound on the morphology and properties of propylene-based plastomer/nanosilica composites

Peng

Bao

et al. 2010

Polym J

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Propylene-based plastomer/nanosilica composites, with a filler content of 1-4 wt%, were prepared by a specially designed ultrasound-assisted extrusion system that was developed in our laboratory. The effects of ultrasound on the morphology, as well as the rheological and mechanical properties of the composites, were studied in this paper. In spite of slight ultrasound-induced degradation of the polymeric matrix, the results showed that the strength and elongation of the composites at break, in most cases, still improve in the presence of ultrasound because of ultrasound-induced homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix (as confirmed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry studies). Dynamic rheological measurements also indicate that ultrasound-induced compatibilization has a more predominant role than does degradation. From dynamic mechanical measurements, it was found that ultrasound-induced degradation results in a drop in the dynamic storage modulus and glass transition temperature for composites with 4 wt% filler content, whereas ultrasound-induced compatibilization enhances their loss factor values. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 91-96; doi:10.1038/pj.2010; published online 3 November 2010Keywords: extrusion; morphology; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); properties; ultrasound INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, polymer/inorganic nanocomposites, in which the size of the dispersed particles is o100 nm in at least one dimension, have attracted tremendous interest in both academic and industrial researchers. Many studies report significant improvement in the desired properties of nanocomposites, such as their mechanical properties, barrier properties, optical transparency and solvent/heat resistance, compared with those of bulk polymers or conventional microcomposites. 1-3 These improvements can be achieved at a very low loading of the inorganic component (1-10 wt%) compared with conventional filled polymers, which require high loading (25-40 wt%). These studies indicate that polymer/inorganic nanocomposites are much lighter in weight and easier to process than conventional microcomposites. 4 To a large extent, improvement in these properties depends on the morphology and dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix. However, obtaining a homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymeric matrix is a very difficult task when using only a simple mixing method, because of the strong tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate. To break down the agglomerates of nanoparticles, many researchers have attempted various routes to prepare nanostructural composites in recent years, such as the sol-gel process, 5 in situ intercalative polymerization 6,7 and in situ polymerization in the presence of nanoparticles. 8 These methods, characterized by complex polymerization and special conditions, are not only incompatible with current industrial processes such as extrusion and injection molding, but are also inapplicable for the mass production of po...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrasound on the morphology and properties of propylene-based plastomer/nanosilica composites

Peng

Bao

et al. 2010

Polym J

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“…We observed this phenomenon in 10A and 30B nanocomposites; however, 30BM samples with high clay content were able to maintain all physical properties without deviation. This result indicates that surface modification of clay diminishes microvoids, 41 resulting in a fine dispersion of clay in the PBS matrix, and that adding urethane groups to a clay surface increased the physical affinity between the clay and PBS matrix; these are the two most significant driving forces for exfoliation nanostructure. This explanation was verified as shown in Figure 4, which shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fracture surface of the PBS/MMT nanocomposite after the tensile test.…”

Section: Pbs/modified Clay Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Second, the increasing density of alkyl modifier tails affects exfoliated nanocomposites because excess organic alkyl modifier tails can interfere with the favorable affinity between the silicate surface and PBS matrix. 40,41 30BM had a wider basal spacing than 10A and 30B, and the urethane group introduced to the clay surface also improved the contact between the silicate-PBS matrix. The urethane surface modification of 30BM ensures appropriate preconditions, such as silicate-silicate interactions and silicate-polymer interaction, to allow for exfoliation.…”

Section: Pbs/modified Clay Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of copolymers, blends and composites based on poly(butylene succinate)

Hwang

Yoo

2012

Polym J

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Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is one of the most available environmentally degradable polymers used in industrial applications. Biodegradable polyesters including PBS have low thermal stability, poor mechanical properties and slow crystallization rates. For this reason, many researchers have investigated PBS composites, especially nanocomposites with functional inorganic materials, to identify other advanced properties. We used two inorganic materials to investigate how nanoparticles could be dispersed in a PBS matrix and to identify the properties that could be advanced by fabricating well-dispersed PBS nanocomposites. Clay and zeolite were used for the nano components because they are well known and widely used inorganic materials in polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. The most challenging problem when fabricating the clay-polymer nanocomposite has been how to separate the clay layers in the composite to overcome the very strong cohesive energies between the clay layers. Numerous studies have introduced modifiers into silicate layers to increase the basal space and facilitate easier polymer chain incorporation. We introduce a urethane group on a clay surface to develop physically enhanced PBS/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites. A series of PBS-based ionomers are synthesized by two-step polycondensation. This study focuses on the effect of the ionic group on dynamic mechanical properties, melt rheology, crystallization behavior and enzymatic hydrolysis. INTRODUCTIONThere has been considerable interest in aliphatic biodegradable polyesters over the last decade because of increased concerns about environmental conservation. 1-9 Among aliphatic biodegradable polyesters, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is considered to be a promising material in many fields because it has excellent biodegradability, melt processibility and chemical resistance. However, PBS has limited applications because of its poor thermal stability and mechanical properties.PBS/inorganic nanocomposites have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, and are being developed as the next generation of biodegradable materials. Numerous studies of clay-based biodegradable polymer nanocomposites have focused on changes in preparation methods and morphological properties, as well as the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties. 10,11 Ray et al. 10 investigated the degree of exfoliation of PBS/clay nanocomposites with various clay types and demonstrated control of the flocculation of dispersed silicate layers in PBS/clay nanocomposites. The achievement of a fine dispersion of the nanofiller in a polymer matrix is a key problem when attempting to produce biodegradable polymer/clay nanocomposites. As noted above, homogeneous clay dispersions in biodegradable polymer matrix are difficult to achieve because of the strong tendency of clay particles to agglomerate. In previous studies, biodegradable polymer nanocomposites with fully dispersed clay were obtained only when the following factors were considered:

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“…In recent years, much attention has been focused on the development of new inorganic-organic composite materials of prospective use in many areas [1][2][3][4]. Among the inorganic substances, silicon dioxide has become greatly important as an active filler of polymers [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitated silica as filler for polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile)/sulfolane

Kurc

2014

J Solid State Electrochem

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The aim of the present work was to perform a preliminary study of the physicochemical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic gel electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on the PAN/TMS -poly(acrylonitrile)/sulfolane -polymeric matrix and surface-modified precipitated silicas. Modifications were done by means of the so-called dry method using silane U-511 3-methacryloxypropyltrimetoxysilane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), noninvasive back scattering method (NIBS), specific surface area (BET), the degree of modification of the silica fillers-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), impedance analysis, and charging/ discharging were carried out. It is found that the silica fillers were homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix, which enhanced conductivity and electrochemical stability of porous polymer electrolytes. Applicability of the prepared gel electrolytes for the Li-ion technology was estimated on the basis of specific conductivity measurements. It was shown that modification of the silica surface by the silane causes an increase in the gel-specific conductivity by about 2 orders of magnitude as compared to gel with unmodified silica.

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Structure–property relationships of irradiation grafted nano-inorganic particle filled polypropylene composites

Cited by 593 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of ultrasound on the morphology and properties of propylene-based plastomer/nanosilica composites

Effects of ultrasound on the morphology and properties of propylene-based plastomer/nanosilica composites

The synthesis of copolymers, blends and composites based on poly(butylene succinate)

Precipitated silica as filler for polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile)/sulfolane

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