Structure shielding against fallout radiation from nuclear weapons

Abstract

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and mainte nance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures: advisory services to government agencies cm scientific and technical problems; invention and develop ment of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is re quired. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Review of dynamical models for external dose calculations based on Monte Carlo simulations in urbanised areas

“…The reduction of external gamma exposure from deposited activity by structures of the environment and by buildings was studied during the 1960s by experiments and calculations (Spencer, 1962). Later, mostly theoretical studies of shielding were performed; the results and recommendations for dose reduction factors have been reviewed by different authors (Burson and Profio, 1977;Spencer et al, 1980).…”

Changes in Acute Radiation Hazards Associated with Changes in Exposure Geometry

“…In addition to their importance for treatment, these relationships are of direct concern to the evaluation of fallout-shelter capabilities, including estimates of numbers of survivors, since present techniques for estimating the shielding potential of shelters are based on the ratios of the exposures in shielded and unshielded positions. (2) The assumption is usually made that the ratio of the corresponding hazards to people will vary with the exposure ratios.…”

Radiological Recovery Requirements, Structures, and Operations Research. Volume 1. General Considerations

“…• 1 (3) The preattack and postattack data required for decontaminating urban areas with various levels of effort and/or capability.…”