Rapid-flow resonance Raman vibrational spectra of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers from the R-26 mutant ofRhodobacter sphaeroides have been obtained by using excitation wavelengths (810-910 nm) resonant with the lowest energy, photochemically active electronic absorption.The technique of shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy is used to identify genuine Raman scattering bands in the presence of a large fluorescence background. The comparison of spectra obtained from untreated reaction centers and from reaction centers treated with the oxidant K3Fe(CN)5 demonstrates that resonance enhancement is obtained from the special pair. Relatively strong Raman scattering is observed for special pair vibrations with frequencies of 36, 94, 127, 202, 730, and 898 cm-'; other modes are observed at 71, 337, and 685 cm-'.Qualitative Raman excitation prordes are reported for some of the strong modes, and resonance enhancement is observed to occur throughout the near-IR absorption band of the special pair. These Raman data determine which vibrations are coupled to the optical absorption in the special pair and, thus, probe the nuclear motion that occurs after electronic excitation. Implications for the interpretation of previous holeburning experiments and for the excited-state dynamics and photochemistry of reaction centers are discussed.Bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) are the pigment-protein complexes in which the light-induced chargeseparation reactions of photosynthesis occur (1-4). The primary electron donor is a dimer of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) molecules called the special pair (P). After optical excitation, electron transfer from lP, the lowest-energy singlet excited electronic state of P, to a bacteriopheophytin acceptor occurs within about 3 ps at room temperature. Electroabsorption measurements suggest that 'P contains a large amount of charge-transfer character (4-8), and holeburning studies and theoretical models indicate that strong coupling exists between electronic and vibrational motions in P (9-20). The electronic-nuclear coupling determines the nuclear motion that occurs after electronic excitation, but the description of this motion, including its role in possibly mediating the primary charge transfer, has been hampered by the lack of information about the vibrational modes of P that are coupled to optical excitation.Resonance Raman spectroscopy can provide information necessary to address many of the unresolved questions about the electronic and vibrational dynamics of RCs. The vibrational modes that appear in a resonance Raman spectrum are just those modes that are coupled to the optical excitation (21), so the ground electronic state frequencies of the coupled modes are determined. In addition, quantitative analysis of the resonance Raman intensities and assignment of the resonance Raman-active modes can provide a picture of the nuclear distortions that occur upon electronic excitation (21). Because these distortions reflect the underlying excited electronic st...