Structured learning and prediction in face sketch gender classification and recognition

Facial Emotion Recognition Using Average Face Ratios and Fuzzy Hamming Distance

“…Let is a finite field with q elements. The Hamming distance [9] d (x, y) between two vectors x, y ∈ F (n) is the number of coefficients in which they differ,…”

“…The different distances used to calculate the proportions of the face are inspired by cannons in a perfect face. We define the following distances as: The Degree of difference [9]: Given the real values x and y, the degree of difference between x and y, modulated by α > 0, denoted by dα (x, y) is defined as:…”

“…The Difference fuzzy set for two vectors [9] Let x and y be two-dimensional real vectors, and let xi, yi denote their corresponding ith component.…”

“…μDα (x, y)(i) is the degree to which the vectors and are different along there component. The Cardinality of a fuzzy set [9]:…”

“…Where for a set S, S denotes the closure of . The fuzzy Hamming distance [9] between x and y, denoted by FHDα (x, y) is the fuzzy cardinality of the difference fuzzy set, Dα (x, y):…”