Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Trichoderma genus (Covering 2018–2022)

Abstract

Trichoderma, a genus with more than 400 species, has a long history of use as an industrial bioreactor, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. It is considered a significant source of secondary metabolites (SMs) that possess unique structural features and a wide range of bioactivities. In recent years, numerous secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, including terpenoids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and steroids, have been identified. Most of these SMs displayed antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifungal effects. This review focuses on the structural diversity, biological activities, and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the SMs isolated from Trichoderma covered from 2018 to 2022. This study provides insights into the exploration and utilization of bioactive compounds from Trichoderma species in the agriculture or pharmaceutical industry.

Discovery of Enzyme Inhibitors from Mangrove Sediment Derived Fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051

“…[4] Trichoderma species are filamentous fungi that are widely distributed in decaying wood, living plants, soil, and marine environments, including sediments, sponges, and soft corals. [5] Various structures with interesting and potent activities have been discovered in Trichoderma spp., including terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides. [5] These structures possessed potent activities such as antimicrobial, [6] anticancer, [7] antiinflammatory, [8] and enzyme inhibitory.…”

Unveiling the anticancer potential of the ethanolic extract from Trichoderma asperelloides

“…Trichoderma asperelloides hold economic importance in agriculture as a biofungicide agent and for promoting the radicular growth of plants ( Guo et al, 2023 ; Woo et al, 2023 ). Previous research by Santos SS et al described antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ( Santos et al, 2018 ) and leishmanicidal properties against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis attributed to the ethanolic extract of T. asperelloides ( Lopes et al, 2020 ).…”

The Polyketides with Antimicrobial Activities from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma lentiforme ML-P8-2

“…Increasing numbers of secondary metabolites from mangrove-associated fungi have been newly reported in recent decades [1,2]. Trichoderma species have been widely discovered in marine environments, including soil, decaying wood, and living plants in mangrove forests [3,4]. Over 450 metabolites have been structurally documented from the species of Trichoderma genus [4,5], wherein polyketides are considered a significant group of these metabolites.…”

“…Trichoderma species have been widely discovered in marine environments, including soil, decaying wood, and living plants in mangrove forests [3,4]. Over 450 metabolites have been structurally documented from the species of Trichoderma genus [4,5], wherein polyketides are considered a significant group of these metabolites. Lai et al reported the isolation of two new chromone polyketides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities from Trichoderma sp.…”

“…Yamada et al documented six decalin polyketides named tandyukusins from Trichoderma harzianum OUPS-111D-4, some of which exhibited significant cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines [7][8][9]. Polyketides have attracted extensive attention due to their diverse chemical structures and wide range of biological activities [3,4,10].…”