Structures associated with strike-slip faults that bound landslide elements

Fleming, Robert W.; Johnson, Arvid M.

doi:10.1016/0013-7952(89)90031-8

Cited by 121 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…These surface features act as conduits for the infiltration of water, and this strongly points out to the importance of mapping their distribution and evolution at the surface of an active landslide. Furthermore, it has also been observed how the overall pattern in rate and distribution of movement at the surface of an active and slowmoving landslide can be locally influenced by the presence of major structural elements at the landslide surface (Fleming et al, 1988;Fleming and Johnson, 1989;Baum et al, 1996). Lack of data on the location and characters of these major structural elements, and their influence on variability of the landslide movement, may lead to incorrect interpretations of the spatial and/or seasonal variations in the landslide movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keefer and Johnson (1983) distinguished three different ways ridges can form at the flanks of an earthflow; Zaruba and Mencl (1982) and Fleming et al (1988) used the height of the flank ridges to estimate the displacement of landslides. Fleming and Johnson (1989) distinguished ridges formed by deposition from those formed by deformation of landslide debris; they also surveyed the growth of flank ridges and the development of structures associated with them. Corominas (1995) has more recently reviewed many of the proposed mechanisms for formation of flank ridges; he made a strong case for basal erosion and shear in the development of flank ridges.…”

Section: The Flank Ridges At the Narrowest Part Of The Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of surface features on an active landslide, and implications for understanding its history of movement

Parise

2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Surface features are produced as a result of internal deformation of active landslides, and are continuously created and destroyed by the movement. Observation of their presence and distribution, and surveying of their evolution may provide insights for the zonation of the mass movement in sectors characterized by different behaviour. The present study analyses and describes some example of surface features observed on an active mass movement, the Slumgullion earthflow, in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The Slumgullion earthflow is one of the most famous and spectacular landslides in the world; it consists of a younger, active part which moves on and over an older, much larger, inactive part. Total length of the earthflow is 6.8 km, with an estimated volume of 170 × 10 6 m 3 . Its nearly constant rate of movement (ranging from about 2 m per year at the head, to a maximum of 6-7 m per year at its narrow and central part, to values between 1.3 and 2 m per year at the active toe), and the geological properties of moving material, are well suited for the observation of the development and evolution of surface features.In the last 11 years, repeated surveying at the Slumgullion site has been performed through recognition of surface features, measurements of their main characteristics, and detailed mapping. In this study, two sectors of the Slumgullion earthflow are analysed through comparison of the features observed in this time span, and evaluation of the changes occurred: they are the active toe and an area located at the left flank of the landslide. Choice of the sectors was dictated in the first case, by particular activity of movement and the nearby presence of elements at risk (highway located only 250 m downhill from the toe); and in the second case, by the presence of many surface features, mostly consisting of several generations of flank ridges.The active toe of the landslide is characterized by continuous movement which determines frequent variations in the presence and distribution of surface features, as evidenced by the multi-year observations there performed. In addiCorrespondence to: M. Parise (cerimp06@area.ba.cnr.it) tion, monitoring of the inactive material just ahead of the active toe showed that this sector is experiencing deformation caused by the advancing toe. Mapping and interpretation of the different generations of flank ridges at the narrowest and central part of the active Slumgullion landslide evidenced, on the other hand, the gradual narrowing of the mass movement, which was accompanied by a reduction in the thickness of the material involved in landsliding.Multi-time observation of the surface features at the Slumgullion earthflow allowed to reconstruct the evolution of specific sectors of the mass movement. This low-cost approach, whose only requirements are the availability of a detailed topographic map, and repeated surveying, is therefore particularly useful to better understand the kinematics of active mass movements, also in order to design the more a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Flank Ridges At the Narrowest Part Of The Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of surface features on an active landslide, and implications for understanding its history of movement

Parise

2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Field observations suggest that, under certain conditions, deformation involved in slip surfaces underlying slow-moving landslides may be similar to those associated with tectonic faults [Fleming and Johnson, 1989;Gomberg et al, 1995], albeit at different scales as well as temperature and pressure conditions. Some studies [e.g., Fukao, 1995] argue that landslides are often described as dislocations due to gravitational potential energy represented by a single force in contrast to tectonic earthquakes described as dislocations due to the release of strain energy represented as double-couple forces.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Letters Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, numerous studies have treated slow-moving landslides as shear dislocations, the equivalent force system of which is the double couple. For example, Fleming and Johnson [1989] consider the landslide as a fracture in their conceptual model, and Muller and Martel [2000] discuss the mechanics of the ED model applied to landslides.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Letters Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields

Aryal

Brooks

Reid

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The stability of many large landslides is determined in part by deformation along buried, often inaccessible, slip surfaces. Factors such as infiltrating rainfall on the slip surface lead to stability changes. Yet characterizing the depth and shape of this slip surface is challenging. Here we examine the hypothesis that the subsurface slip geometry can be constrained by ground surface displacements in concert with two, mechanically distinct, forward models. We estimate a 3-D ground displacement field for the slow-moving Cleveland Corral landslide in California using repeat terrestrial laser scanner data. We test the efficacy of two models to estimate slip depth and slip magnitude of the slide-a 2-D balanced cross-section method and an elastic dislocation model. The estimated slip surface depth using both methods matches in situ observations from shear rods installed in the slide within the ±0.45 m misfit indicating that these are valuable approaches for investigating landslide geometry and slip behavior.

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“…It means that the slope, which is formed by high activity soil, can be prone to creep [5]. On the other hand, landslide, including soil creep, also can be influenced by geological structures [6,7]. Their orientation can affect the slope stability if it has the same or inline orientation with the orientation of the slope [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaboration of high activity soil and geological structure factors in Pagelaran soil creep occurrence, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Soil creep is a landslide that moves slowly but it does not mean harmless. Soil creep that succeeded in forcing the citizens to migrate occurred in Pagelaran by wiping out 13 houses. This paper aims to know the contribution of geological structures and physical properties of soil toward the creeping occurrence. The methods used in this research consist of geological structure mapping; soil sampling; laboratory works; and analysis of geological structures and soil activity. Geological structures analysis indicates that the main force worked predominantly in NE-SW direction, parallel with creeping. It expresses that the creep was influenced by the orientation of them. Additionally, their distribution can be used as access for rainwater to infiltrate and add to the burden of the slopes. While laboratory results show that, the soil is classified into MH and CH. Calculation of activity numbers of soil indicates that it has a high -very high activity with value between 0.705 -1.4931 (Skempton, 1953). It means that the soil will swell easily if contaminated by water.

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Structures associated with strike-slip faults that bound landslide elements

Cited by 121 publications

References 13 publications

Observation of surface features on an active landslide, and implications for understanding its history of movement

Observation of surface features on an active landslide, and implications for understanding its history of movement

Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields

Collaboration of high activity soil and geological structure factors in Pagelaran soil creep occurrence, Indonesia

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