Structures of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus with neutralizing antibodies derived from recovered natural host reveal a mechanism for cross-serotype neutralization

He, Yang-Hui; Li, Kun; Cao, Yimei; Sun, Zhenli; Li, Pinghua; Bao, Huang; Wang, Sheng; Zhu, Guoqiang; Bai, Xingwen; Sun, Pu; Liu, Xuerong; Yang, Cheng; Liu, Zaixin; Lu, Zengjun; Rao, Zihe; Lou, Zhiyong

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009507

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, some inter-serotypic cross-reactivity remained with the stabilized capsids, pointing to the existence of immunogenic capsid surface epitopes that are conserved between serotypes. These results are consistent with the occurrence of limited cross-serotype neutralization [ 5 , 11 ] and recent studies to identify the epitopes involved [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cross-Serotype Reactivity of ELISAs Used to Detect Antibodies to the Structural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Ludi

Morris

Gubbins

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Antibodies to the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid induced by infection or vaccination can provide serotype-specific protection and be measured using virus neutralization tests and viral structural-protein (SP-)ELISAs. Separate tests are needed for each serotype, but cross-serotype reactions complicate serotyping. In this study, inter-serotypic responses were quantified for five SP-ELISA formats by testing 294 monovalent mainly bovine sera collected following infection, vaccination, or vaccination and infection with one of five serotypes of FMDV. Over half of the samples, representing all three immunization categories, scored positive for at least one heterologous serotype and some scored positive for all serotypes tested. A comparative approach to identifying the strongest reaction amongst serotypes O, A and Asia 1 improved the accuracy of serotyping to 73–100% depending on the serotype and test system, but this method will be undermined where animals have been infected and/or vaccinated with multiple FMDV serotypes. Preliminary studies with stabilized recombinant capsid antigens of serotypes O and A that do not expose internal epitopes showed reduced cross-reactivity, supporting the hypothesis that capsid integrity can affect the serotype-specificity of the SP-ELISAs. The residual cross-reactivity associated with capsid surface epitopes was consistent with the evidence of cross-serotype virus neutralization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cross-Serotype Reactivity of ELISAs Used to Detect Antibodies to the Structural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Ludi

Morris

Gubbins

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…The strength (affinity) of antibody binding to its epitope can directly impact the efficiency with which it blocks infection. Modern approaches to sequencing antibody repertoires, as well as high-throughput methods by which to express and characterise individual antigen-specific antibodies, are beginning to uncover the contribution of individual antibodies [35,36]. However, by definition, polyclonal serum represents a diverse collection of different antibodies, each with a specific affinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avidity of Polyclonal Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Bovine Serum Measured Using Bio-Layer Interferometry

Shaw

Burman

Asfor

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of cloven-hoofed livestock caused by FMD virus (FMDV). FMD can be controlled through the use of inactivated vaccines, and it is well established that the protection afforded by FMD vaccines correlates strongly with neutralising antibody titres. However, the overall strength of binding, referred to as avidity, is also an important parameter with respect to the ability of antibodies to neutralise virus infection, and there is evidence that avidity can affect the level of protection afforded by FMDV vaccines. Here, as an alternative to modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (avidity ELISAs) incorporating a chaotropic wash step, we used bio-layer interferometry (BLI) to measure the avidity of bovine polyclonal antibodies against FMDV capsids. We conducted preliminary experiments using recombinant FMDV capsids, as well as peptides representing antigenic loops, to demonstrate that the binding of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigenic sites could be detected using BLI. Subsequent experiments using polyclonal sera derived from FMD vaccinated cattle provided evidence of a positive correlation between the neutralising titre of the serum and the avidity as measured by BLI. Furthermore, we observed an increase in BLI avidity, as well as in the titre, in vaccinated animals upon challenge with the live virus.

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“…Diagnostic assays to confirm the initial clinical determination of viral infection are component of any viral disease control measure ( 30 ). For the diagnosis of viral diseases, several laboratory methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), slide agglutination test (SAT), and molecular assay PCR are used ( 31 ). Most of these diagnostic methods require the availability of a laboratory facility, highly trained personnel, and multistep sample handling preparation ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the diagnosis of viral diseases, several laboratory methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), slide agglutination test (SAT), and molecular assay PCR are used ( 31 ). Most of these diagnostic methods require the availability of a laboratory facility, highly trained personnel, and multistep sample handling preparation ( 31 ). In particular, viral isolation requires a laboratory cell culture facility that can be difficult and expensive to maintain, besides requiring 4 to 6 days for test completion, and logistical considerations associated with sample collection and transport are required ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

Abdalhamed¹,

Naser²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Rapid diagnosis is a cornerstone for controlling and preventing viral disease outbreaks. The present study is aimed to develop a rapid field diagnostic test based on gold nanoparticles for the detection of lumpy skin diseases (LSD), and foot and mouth diseases (FMD) in animals with high sensitivity and specificity. Materials and Methods: FMD and LSD vaccines were used as a source of viruses' antigens for preparing monoclonal anti- bodies and conjugated with gold nanoparticles that characterized using various techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for each serotype produced in experimental rats and used to capture antibodies for FMDV and /or LSDV. ELISA was used to screen 469 milk samples and 1165 serum samples from naturally infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats for validation of the lateral flow test (LFT). LSDV DNA was extracted from 117 blood and skin biopsy samples collected from naturally infected cattle during the 2019 outbreak. Results: The specificity and sensitivity of GNP-LFT were evaluated and compared to Ag-ELISA, Western blot tests (WB), and PCR. A total of 95 FMDV positives out of 469 (20.25%) milk samples and 268 FMDV positives out of 1165 (23.3%) serum samples from natural infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats examined by ELISA to valid GNPS-LFT Viral LSDV DNA was detected in 60/117 (51.5%) and 31/60 (52.9%). While the GNPS-LFT assay results were 49/117 (41.9%) and 29/60 (48.3%) blood and skin biopsy samples, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the GNP-LFT test were 72% and 82%, respectively. All vesicular fluid and epithelium samples collected from infected animals were identified as positive by the GNP- LFT and Ag-ELISA. Ag-ELISA, on the other hand, was 90% and 100%. While the developed GNP- LFT used LSDV polyclonal antibodies were similar to ELISA and IgG-WB with a sensitivity of 72.8% and a specificity of 88.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The GNPS-LFT is a novel immunoassay based on mono or polyclonal antibodies conjugated with gold nanopar- ticles that provides an accurate, rapid, specific, and sensitive tool for field rapid diagnosis of FMDV and LSDV.

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Structures of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus with neutralizing antibodies derived from recovered natural host reveal a mechanism for cross-serotype neutralization

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Cross-Serotype Reactivity of ELISAs Used to Detect Antibodies to the Structural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Cross-Serotype Reactivity of ELISAs Used to Detect Antibodies to the Structural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Avidity of Polyclonal Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Bovine Serum Measured Using Bio-Layer Interferometry

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

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