[NiFe]
hydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular
hydrogen into two protons and two electrons. A key organometallic
chemistry feature of the NiFe active site is that the iron atom is
co-coordinated by two cyanides (CN–) and one carbon
monoxide (CO) ligand. Biosynthesis of the NiFe(CN)2(CO)
cofactor requires the activity of at least six maturation proteins,
designated HypA–F. An additional maturase, HypX, is required
for CO ligand synthesis under aerobic conditions, and preliminary in vivo data indicated that HypX releases CO using N
10-formyltetrahydrofolate (N
10-formyl-THF) as the substrate. HypX has a bipartite
structure composed of an N-terminal module similar to N
10-formyl-THF transferases and a C-terminal module homologous
to enoyl-CoA hydratases/isomerases. This composition suggested that
CO production takes place in two consecutive reactions. Here, we present in vitro evidence that purified HypX first transfers the
formyl group of N
10-formyl-THF to produce
formyl-coenzyme A (formyl-CoA) as a central reaction intermediate.
In a second step, formyl-CoA is decarbonylated, resulting in free
CoA and carbon monoxide. Purified HypX proved to be metal-free, which
makes it a unique catalyst among the group of CO-releasing enzymes.