Structuring of a Haplortox by Soil Cover Species

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil cover species and management systems in improving the physical characteristics of a Haplortox and its effects on grain yield and soybean oil content. The experimental area, consisted of 15 treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Each plot had size of 20 × 25 m. The treatments consisted of: traditional no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with application of gypsum, no-tillage with scarification and 12 treatments with cover species called soil structure reclaimers. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, with four replicates. The physical attributes evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the periods of 2014, 2015 and 2016. In the soybean crop the grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains, average height of plants and number of plants/m were evaluated in each treatment with four replications. The oil content was performed by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance method. The averages of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The results showed that five months after soil scarification did not affect bulk density. Eleven months after gypsum application discrete improvements in density, total porosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity occurred in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. It was also concluded that grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains and number of plants per meter were not influenced by the soil cover species and soil management systems.

Use of cover crops in Oxisol and its effects on yield and soybean oil content

“…Similar results were obtained by Tokura et al (2018), who state that after five months of scarification, the effect is no longer significant. While, eleven months after the application of gypsum there was a slight improvement in bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity in the layers of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m of soil (Tokura et al, 2017).…”

Propriedades físicas do solo e produtividade de grãos de milho cultivo após espécies de cobertura

“…Quando o sistema de manejo é realizado sem rotação de culturas e com tráfego intensivo de máquinas e equipamentos, sem levar em conta as condições de umidade do solo, causa a compactação subsuperficial (Tokura et al, 2018, Spliethoff et al, 2020Bareta Junior et al, 2021;Tokura et al, 2021). Desta forma, as práticas de manejo do solo, são atividades que mais influências no comportamento físico, uma vez que, atua diretamente sobre sua estrutura e causa modificações na porosidade e densidade, o que afeta a retenção de água (Warrick & Nielsen, 1980).…”

“…Assim, a utilização de plantas "recuperadoras" de estrutura é uma forma de diminuir a resistência à penetração e a compactação em Latossolo argiloso manejados sob sistema plantio direto (Sulzbach et al, 2017), pois os resíduos culturais podem trazer, além dos benefícios químicos, melhorias na qualidade física do solo (Zin et al, 2019). Algumas espécies apresentam crescimento radicular capaz de se desenvolver em solos com alta resistência à penetração, além disso realizam a ciclagem de nutrientes (Tokura et al, 2018).…”

“…Assim, estudos sobre espécies de cobertura são necessários para averiguar qual é o seu impacto na melhoria nos atributos do solo. Além disso, elas são capazes de produzir diferentes quantidades de resíduos vegetais (parte aérea e raízes), que em decomposição alteram os atributos físicos e químicos do solo, refletindo no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura sucessora (Tokura et al, 2018).…”