Strug landslide in W Slovenia: A complex multi-process phenomenon

Mikoš, Matjaž; Brilly, Mitja; Fazarinc, Rok; Ribičič, Mihael

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.037

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar examples can be found all over the planet. Mikoš et al (2006) noticed that landslide-triggered debris flow filled the ravine of the Brusnik Stream in Slovenia. The channel was shifted to the left-hand side of the landslide, where the river incised its way [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River Courses Affected by Landslides and Implications for Hazard Assessment: A High Resolution Remote Sensing Case Study in NE Iraq–W Iran

Othman

Gloaguen

2013

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The objective of this study is to understand the effect of landslides on the drainage network within the area of interest. We thus test the potential of rivers to record the intensity of landslides that affected their courses. The study area is located within the Zagros orogenic belt along the border between Iraq and Iran. We identified 280 landslides through nine QuickBird scenes using visual photo-interpretation. The total landslide area of 40.05 km 2 and their distribution follows a NW-SE trend due to the tectonic control of main thrust faults. We observe a strong control of the landslides on the river course. We quantify the relationship between riverbed displacement and mass wasting occurrences using landslide sizes versus river offset and hypsometric integrals. Many valleys and river channels are curved around the toe of landslides, thus producing an offset of the stream which increases with the landslide area. The river offsets were quantified using two geomorphic indices: the river with respect to the basin midline (F b ); and the offset from the main river direction (F d ). Hypsometry and stream offset seem to be correlated. In addition; the analysis of selected river courses may give some information on the sizes of the past landslide events and therefore contribute to the hazard assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River Courses Affected by Landslides and Implications for Hazard Assessment: A High Resolution Remote Sensing Case Study in NE Iraq–W Iran

Othman

Gloaguen

2013

Remote Sensing

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“…This conclusion is even more stressed by the fact that the vectors of such measured displacements exhibit movements up the slope. Nevertheless, the comparison between measurement sets 1 and 5, and 3 and 5 shows displacements of the order of 1-2 m. If this value is compared to the average virtual velocity of the rockslide of 1.2 m a month, measured in 2002 (Mikoš et al, 2005), it becomes clear that the …”

Section: Analysis Of the Measured Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locally, the rainfall intensities were measured and a correlation with the debris flow events was established. The analysis showed that debris flows were initiated when the daily rainfall reached more than 20 to 30 mm/day, depending on the antecedent precipitation (Mikoš et al, 2005). In early 2003 and later on, debris flows were no longer observed and thus a question was raised, whether the frequency of falling stones was much lower than in 2002 and so the debris flow events were mainly governed by the fresh supply of released material in the rock fall source area.…”

Section: The Strug Rock Fall Test Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 and 8) indicates that the section deepened in 2003 due to erosion of the material from this part of the rock fall. In 2002 numerous debris flows from the area reached the village of Kosec (Mikoš et al, 2005). It can be assumed that the debris material originated from this part of the Strug rock fall source area.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Measured Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Strug rock fall triggered on 22 December, 2001 spreading over an area of 6.02 ha (Mikoš et al, 2005) a handheld laser measurement system used on a tripod rather than a more expensive laser scanner was selected in order to monitor morphological changes on its surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using a laser measurement system for monitoring morphological changes on the Strug rock fall, Slovenia

Mikoš

Vidmar

Brilly

2005

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A medium-ranged high performance handheld reflectorless laser measurement system, was used for a morphological survey on the Strug rock fall in W Slovenia in the period from August 2003 to August 2004. The purpose was to evaluate its potential for monitoring ground surface changes in rock fall source areas and to help evaluating morphological changes by measuring distance from fixed points. In the area, 21 fixed geodetic points have been established. Altogether, seven measurement sets with more than 5500 points have been gathered in the rock fall area. Choosing a point cloud with a density of less than 1 point per 10 m 2 on a very rough rock fall surface failed to be a good solution. The changes on larger areas were shown by displacements of selected significantly large-sized rock blocks with a volume of several m 3 . Because only smaller changes were observed between the single field series, the rock fall surface generally remained unchanged. Local surface changes of the order of 1 m or more, were clearly shown by measurements in the selected referenced cross sections. The usage of these cross sections gave a possibility to evaluate volumetric changes on the surface. The laser measurement system provided a good replacement for the classical terrestrial geodetic survey equipment, especially when performing remote monitoring of morphological changes in rock fall hazard zones, however, the case is different when fixed points are to be measured precisely.

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Long‐runout rockslide on glacier at Tsar Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains: potential triggers, seismic and glaciological implications

Jiskoot

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A rhomboidal shaped rockslide with a length of 2·2 km and an area of 1·35 km 2 covers 30% of a small Clemenceau Icefi eld Group cirque glacier. By means of remote sensing, airborne photography, climate and seismic data analysis, the extent, timing, possible trigger mechanisms, and rockslide effects on the glacier are discussed. An ML 2·0 seismic event on 14 September 2000 represents the rockslide and has a spindle-shaped waveform and high energy in the low frequencies. Based on a strong signal duration of 56-108 seconds the rockslide had an average runout velocity of 22-45 m s −1 . Stress fatigue and a combination of rain and snow followed by rapid melt and night-time freezing could have co-triggered the slide. Additional seismic events with epicentres <40 km from the cirque were recorded 26 times since 1985 and range between ML 0·9-3·3, but none were caused by, or triggered, large mass movement.With a rock source volume of 1·6 × 10 6 m 3 and a deposited volume of 2-4 × 10 6 m 3 the sum of bulking and entrainment is between 25% and 150%. Five melt seasons post-event, levees 20-30 m wide tower 30 m over the surrounding glacier. Rockslide characteristics, and its Fahrböschung of 15° [height/length (H/L) = 0·28], indicate that this rockslide is quite typical for long-runout rockslides on glaciers. However, the basal friction coeffi cient was higher than found on other glaciers and could relate to the presence of medial moraines transverse to the fl owline and to pre-slide debris-cover. The difference between the coeffi cient of friction in the main fl owline (0·11-0·14) and that in a lobe confi ned between two medial moraines (0·065) suggests that confi nement increases mobility by 70-115%. Apart from reduced ablation under the rock debris, effects of the rockslide on the glacier were minimal.

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Strug landslide in W Slovenia: A complex multi-process phenomenon

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

River Courses Affected by Landslides and Implications for Hazard Assessment: A High Resolution Remote Sensing Case Study in NE Iraq–W Iran

River Courses Affected by Landslides and Implications for Hazard Assessment: A High Resolution Remote Sensing Case Study in NE Iraq–W Iran

Using a laser measurement system for monitoring morphological changes on the Strug rock fall, Slovenia

Long‐runout rockslide on glacier at Tsar Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains: potential triggers, seismic and glaciological implications

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