Struggles against Accumulation by Dispossession in Bolivia

Spronk, Susan; Webber, Jeffery R.

doi:10.1177/0094582x06298748

Cited by 92 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Third, the privatization component of structural adjustment affects numerous areas of state activities (in addition to health systems, reviewed above): state-owned enterprises and natural resources have been key targets (Bakker, 2003;Spronk and Webber, 2007). These policies are designed to raise funds for cash-strapped governments; however, in the medium-and long-run, states lose reliable public revenue sources, which could have been used as fiscal foundations for health policy (L. P. King et al, 2009;Peabody, 1996).…”

Section: Indirect Effects On Health Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural adjustment and health: A conceptual framework and evidence on pathways

Kentikelenis

2017

Social Science & Medicine

110

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Economic reform programs designed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank-so-called 'structural adjustment programs'-have formed one of the most influential policy agendas of the past four decades. To gain access to financial support from these organizations, countries-often in economic crisis-have reduced public spending, limited the role of the state, and deregulated economic activity. This article identifies the multiple components of structural adjustment, and presents a conceptual framework linking them to health systems and outcomes. Based on a comprehensive review of the academic literature, the article identifies three main pathways through which structural adjustment affects health: policies directly targeting health systems; policies indirectly impacting health systems; and policies affecting the social determinants of health. The cogency of the framework is illustrated by revisiting Greece's recent experience with structural adjustment, drawing on original IMF reports and secondary literature. Overall, the framework offers a lens through which to analyze the health consequences of structural adjustment across time, space and levels of socioeconomic development, and can be utilized in ex ante health impact assessments of these policies.

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Section: Indirect Effects On Health Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural adjustment and health: A conceptual framework and evidence on pathways

Kentikelenis

2017

Social Science & Medicine

110

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“…The category water scarcity is very high for tungsten as it is mined in Bolivia. Even though Bolivia is characterized as a country with medium water scarcity from a resource perspective (Berger et al, 2014), due to governmental regulations and low state of the art with regard to drinking water and wastewater treatment technology in rural areas risks related to human health exists (Spronk and Webber, 2007;Wutich and Ragsdale, 2008;Calizaya et al, 2010).…”

Section: Results Of Sub Dimension Compliance With Environmental Standmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the assessment of critical resource use at the country level with the SCARCE method – Case study of Germany

et al. 2017

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The demand for many resources has increased significantly over the last decades due to their growing importance for industrial and technological development. Thus, various methods were developed to assess availability constraints of resources in relation to their vulnerability within countries and/or sectors (criticality). However, these methods display several shortcomings. Thus, the aim of the introduced approach is, to enhance the assessment of critical resource use on country level with the SCARCE method, by considering the two dimensions criticality (with the sub dimensions availability and vulnerability) and societal acceptance (with the sub dimensions compliance with social standards and compliance with environmental standards). For five of the 12 introduced categories measuring availability constraints the country specific import mix is used to determine availability constraints of resources individually for the country under consideration. These results can further be compared with global constraints (which are calculated based on global production data) to determine if the country under consideration performs worse or better than the global average. To measure social aspects the categories small scale mining, geopolitical risk and human rights abuse are introduced. Environmental aspects are considered within the categories sensitivity of the local biodiversity, climate change and water scarcity. Additionally, next to metals also fossil fuels are included allowing a direct comparison of both abiotic resources. The SCARCE method is applied for the case study of Germany for which criticality results are presented and their plausibility is validated. It is shown that for Germany tungsten is the raw material showing high risks in all considered dimensions excluding the sub dimension vulnerability. Its high availability constraints are defined by the categories political stability, primary material use and price fluctuations. Further, due to the countries tungsten is imported from (e.g. Bolivia), its compliance with social and environmental standards is low. To enhance the applicability of the SCARCE method, indicator results are provided for 40 resources to assess their availability constraints as well as their compliance with social and environmental standards.

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“…Like land, resource conflicts over water and gas have been framed around notions of rights and citizenship, sovereignty and nationalism, and the defense of the commons. Social movements against water and gas commercialization and privatization have become emblematic of ‘alter‐globalization’ movements in the global South against processes of accumulation by dispossession (Bakker 2007; Spronk and Webber 2007). Since the 1992 Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, International Financial Institutions (IFIs) have promoted water commercialization and privatization as a form of ‘market environmentalism’ to insure economic growth through ‘full cost recovery’, and environmental sustainability in the face of perceived endemic state failures in water governance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Curse of Wealth: Political Ecologies of Latin American Neoliberalism

Renfrew

2011

Geography Compass

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The article reviews recent scholarship on the changing relationships between nature, society, capital, and the state in neoliberal Latin America. It employs political ecology as a macro‐analytic framework to analyze scholarly literature published since 2007 on Latin American socio‐ecological processes. The first section examines land and resource conflicts associated with accumulation by dispossession, or the penetration of capital into hitherto un‐commodified realms of nature and biological life. Conflicts include popular struggles for land reform, and against new extraction‐based oil and mining interests, and the privatization of public utilities. The second section reviews the resurgence and socio‐ecological impacts of neoliberal mega‐development, including large‐scale hydroelectric, infrastructure, and agro‐industrial projects. The third section reviews studies related to the extension of market forces and global governance regimes into the environmental and public commons, primarily through the creation of ecological protected areas and biodiversity conservation initiatives. In response to the complex reconfigurations of capitalism, nature, and governance in neoliberal Latin America, the article also highlights the emergence of organized resistance, and experimentation in post‐neoliberal and post‐development alternatives.

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Struggles against Accumulation by Dispossession in Bolivia

Cited by 92 publications

References 14 publications

Structural adjustment and health: A conceptual framework and evidence on pathways

Structural adjustment and health: A conceptual framework and evidence on pathways

Enhancing the assessment of critical resource use at the country level with the SCARCE method – Case study of Germany

The Curse of Wealth: Political Ecologies of Latin American Neoliberalism

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