Struggles over Defining the Moral City: The Problem Called “Youth” in Urban Iran

Khatam, Azam

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369212.003.0013

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…But youth politics is about a collective challenge to defend and extend individual autonomy and security of transition to the adult world. Young people in Iran have high levels of education but many of them are unemployed and feel they have no future (Khatam, 2010) and 40% or 2 million girls aged 14 to 25 are neither studying nor working; 25% of boys of the same age are unemployed. They are deeply concerned about the state's failure to run the economy and reach an agreement with the West and hostile regional powers.…”

Section: This Is a Youth Movement Across Class And Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mahsa Amini's killing, state violence, and moral policing in Iran

Khatam

2023

Human Geography

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Iranian cities have been the scene of daily antigovernment protests by young women and men since September 16, the day Mahsa Jina Amini died in the custody of the “morality police” in Tehran. Over the next weeks, the waves of protests snowballed as the often very young demonstrators poured into the streets in some 160 cities, chanting antiregime slogans. Many women removed their mandatory headscarves at street protests to call for an end to the dual life forced upon them by the state's dress code. The protesters’ anti-authoritarian outrage met with broad public sympathy, moved beyond the discontented middle classes, and engaged significant segments of working-class youth and the ethnic Kurdish and Baluchi communities. However, workers, teachers, and other sectors of organized labor, who saw no immediate victory in sight, did not join the call for a national general strike. An estimated 500 demonstrators were killed, including 67 children, and more than 15,000 people were arrested. Three months of ongoing protests in Iran have garnered more international sanctions against the Islamic Republic. Though initially shaken, regime has doubled down in its brutality to eliminate the movement. The regime's reluctance to reform has convinced many observers that new waves of protest will follow, converging to break Iran's political impasse. This article outlines an analytical lens for understanding the movement's cultural transformative power as well as its challenges in achieving its political goals. I examine four critical aspects of this protest movement to explore where it stands in Iran's recent political turmoil. These include the radicalization of politics in Iran due to rising state violence over the past decade, the growing number of forced veiling dissidents, the contribution of the youth crisis to the protests, and finally, the confluence of ethnic outrage with women's and youth anti-authoritarian politics.

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Section: This Is a Youth Movement Across Class And Ethnicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mahsa Amini's killing, state violence, and moral policing in Iran

Khatam

2023

Human Geography

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“…More specifically, the state enforced its social regulations through the Quranic verse amr-e be ma'ruf va nahye az monkar ('commanding what is just and forbidding what is wrong'). 72 This civic nationalistic legislation intended to distinguish post-revolutionary citizens through the extent to which they propagated state-sponsored morality, identities, rituals and cultural revisions. Obedience to wartime ethics and implementation of the state's citizenship ideals were vital to engendering this emergent 'political creed' of governance in post-1979 Iran.…”

Section: The Islamic Republic Of Iran At War: Nation-building Heteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering Categories of Analysis: Possibilities for Feminist Studies of Conflict

Saeidi¹

2013

Gender History Across Epistemologies

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“…The revolutionary Islamic republic builds a strategy and develops policies to Islamize Iranian society with a focus on the successive attempts to police moral behaviour of young people in public places in the cities (Khatam 2010). Imposing the Hijab, prohibiting alcohol, and out-of-marriage sexual relationships are examples of enforcing authority in the name of Allah in the same manner as the Saudi authorities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Islamic Authority: A Matter of Guardianship

Alrebh¹

2018

AJSS

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Struggles over Defining the Moral City: The Problem Called “Youth” in Urban Iran

Cited by 21 publications

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Mahsa Amini's killing, state violence, and moral policing in Iran

Mahsa Amini's killing, state violence, and moral policing in Iran

Reconsidering Categories of Analysis: Possibilities for Feminist Studies of Conflict

Islamic Authority: A Matter of Guardianship

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