The development of solid‐state polycondensation reactions, starting in 1857, is reviewed. In many cases, the elimination of metal halides from halogenated carboxylates leads to the formation of polyesters, among them polyglycolide, polylactides, polybutyrates, polymandelide, and poly(hydroxymethyl benzoates). In some cases, a reaction in the solid state is observed, whereas in other cases temporary liquefaction occurs. The resulting polymers usually have a lower degree of polymerization than the products from solution‐ or melt‐polymerization. In some cases, polymers with a distinct micromorphology (high porosity with pores in the sub‐µm range) are obtained and may be of interest for special applications, e.g. in medical technology.