Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery

Szymańska, Magdalena; Szara, Ewa; Wąs, Adam; Sosulski, Tomasz; Pruissen, Gijs W. P. van; Cornelissen, Renè

doi:10.3390/en12020296

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The farm-scale biorefinery was located at the Experimental Dairy Farm "De Marke" in Hengelo (Gld), the Netherlands. The scheme and description of the biorefinery and the physicochemical properties and the fertilizing value of the recovered products (struvite and ammonium sulphate) were presented in other authors' works [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: The Farm Biorefinery and Duckweed Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study aimed at assessing the possibility of using duckweed to purify and recover nutrients from the effluent remaining after struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping from a liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate in a biorefinery located at a Dutch dairy cattle production farm. The nutritional value of duckweed obtained in a biorefinery was assessed as well. Duckweed (Lemna minuta) was cultured on a growth medium with various concentrations of effluent from a biorefinery (EFL) and digested slurry (DS) not subjected to the nutrient recovery process. The study’s results showed that duckweed culture on the media with high contents of DS or EFL was impossible because they both inhibited its growth. After 15 days of culture, the highest duckweed yield was obtained from the ponds with DS or EFL contents in the medium reaching 0.39% (37.8 g fresh matter (FM) and 16.8 g FM per 8500 mL of the growth medium, respectively). The recovery of N by duckweed was approximately 75% and 81%, whereas that of P was approximately 45% and 55% of the growth media with EFL0.39% and DS0.39%, respectively. Duckweed obtained from the biorefinery proved to be a valuable high-protein feedstuff with high contents of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. With a protein content in duckweed approximating 35.4–36.1%, it is possible to obtain 2–4 t of protein per 1 ha from EFL0.39% and DS0.39% ponds, respectively.

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Section: The Farm Biorefinery and Duckweed Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

et al. 2020

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“…The anaerobic digestion produces biogas, from which the carbon dioxide and sulphur are removed and it is transformed into biomethane and digestate. Some companies use biomethane as fuel for their vehicles; the digestate is used on a pilot scale for the extraction of struvite and nitrogen (Szymanśka et al 2019). expected, VRG), weighted to reflect the importance of the target to be reached and the ranking position; the penalties (foreseen for all levels except Excellence) consist of a reduction in attributed costs (starting from 2020 performance evaluation, while in the previous evaluation period 2018-2019, penalties will be allocated to a fund), in the event of worsening quality state (Stages I and III), and through the obligation of a fund in the case of negative quality variations (Stages II and IV), and are also established in relation to the operator's VRG level and certain corrective factors;…”

Section: Regulating Technical Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory interventions to sustain circular economy in the water sector. insights from the Italian Regulatory Authority (ARERA)

Guerrini

Manca²

2020

H2Open Journal

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In the circular economy system, the water sector is increasingly becoming a field of concrete experimentation and application on an industrial scale of techniques intended to save and produce energy and to produce materials from water treatment cycles. The water cycle itself represents a ‘circular economy system’ connected to the use of water resources and to the processes of recovery of ‘secondary’ resources, such as energy and raw materials. This paper aims to identify the measures that can be taken by the institutions responsible for regulating the sector to encourage operators to invest in the circular economy and to develop corporate policies based on environmental sustainability and efficiency. It describes: the main actions for the recovery of energy and matter in the management of the water cycle; the current configuration of the regulatory measures adopted in Italy by the Italian Regulatory Authority of Energy, Networks and the Environment (ARERA); and some future developments in regulation policies. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of ARERA.

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“…The liquid fraction (LFDS) was subject to the processes of P and N removal. Struvite (STR) was precipitated from the liquid fraction in a struvite installation (the fertilizer value of struvite obtained in the bio-refinery was presented in our previous work [22]). Effluent after struvite precipitation was used for the production of ammonium sulphate solution (Bio-AS) in an ammonia stripping installation.…”

Section: Collection Of Ammonium Sulphate (Bio-as)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient removal and recovery from organic products such as untreated and anaerobic digested livestock manure by struvite precipitation [19], membrane filtration [20], and ammonia stripping [21] is more justified. The aforementioned processes of recovery of N and P, resulting in obtaining value-added fertilizers, have recently become popular in bio-refineries [22]. Precipitation of struvite crystals (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) occurs in accordance with Reaction 1 [23]:…”

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Ammonium Sulphate from a Bio-Refinery System as a Fertilizer—Agronomic and Economic Effectiveness on the Farm Scale

et al. 2019

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This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of ammonium sulphate from an agro bio-refinery (Bio-AS). The Bio-AS was obtained by means of the ammonia stripping process from effluent after struvite precipitation from a liquid fraction of digestate. The agronomic effectiveness of Bio-AS in a pot experiment with maize and grass in two different soils, silty loam (SL) and loamy sand (LS), was investigated. The fertilising effect of Bio-AS was compared to commercial ammonium sulphate fertilizer (Com-AS) and control treatment (without fertilisation). The crop yields were found to depend on both soil type and nitrogen treatment. Crop yields produced under Bio-AS and Com-AS exceeded those under control treatments, respectively for SL and LS soils, by 88% and 125% for maize and 73% and 94% for grass. Crop yields under Bio-AS were similar to those under the Com-AS treatment. The fertilizer use of Bio-AS affected the chemical composition of plants and soil properties similarly as Com-AS. This suggests that Bio-AS from a bio-refinery can replace industrial ammonium sulphate, resulting in both economic and environmental benefits.Energies 2019, 12, 4721 2 of 15 ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) to the atmosphere [8,9]. Due to intensification of animal production observed in EU agriculture, the European Commission regulated the use of organic fertilizers in the Nitrates Directive adopted on 12 December 1991. It aimed at water quality protection across Europe by prevention of pollution of the ground and surface waters with nitrates from agricultural sources and by promoting the use of good farming practices. One of the major restrictions was the limitation of the amount of nitrogen applied, taking into account the crop needs, all nitrogen inputs and soil nitrogen supply, as well as the maximum amount of livestock manure to be applied (corresponding to 170 kg nitrogen per hectare per year) [10]. The Dutch government negotiated special derogation allowing use of 250 kg·N·ha −1 in organic fertilizers under the condition of more efficient use of nitrogen from animal sources, which is included in the Dutch Manure Policy [11] and also encompasses regulations limiting the use of P from organic fertilizers. Many studies report considerable farm-gate N surplus for dairy farms per unit area, for example 138 kg N ha −1 year −1 in Sweden, 223 kg·N·ha −1 ·year −1 in the Netherlands, and 240 kg·N·ha −1 ·year −1 in Denmark [12]. So far, the dominant method of processing of animal waste has been anaerobic digestion. The process results in the production of biogas and digestate [13]. Biological conversion of organic compounds during anaerobic digestion considerably reduces the odour as compared to untreated manures [14][15][16]. Both the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the digestate are comparable with untreated manure; however, in contrast to livestock manures, the digestate is characterized by the presence of the nutrients in solub...

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Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

Regulatory interventions to sustain circular economy in the water sector. insights from the Italian Regulatory Authority (ARERA)

Ammonium Sulphate from a Bio-Refinery System as a Fertilizer—Agronomic and Economic Effectiveness on the Farm Scale

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