Struvite-based fertilizer and its physical and chemical properties

Latifian, Maryam; Liu, Jing; Mattiasson, Bo

doi:10.1080/09593330.2012.676073

Cited by 103 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fine struvite crystals obtained from a reactor will be in the form of powder when dried later, which is difficult to spread on land using control from equipment because it is too light. 34 As supplied, this struvite could not find favor in agriculture. Struvite can be stored in a compact form, and it is easy and feasible to handle, transport, and apply, especially in granulated form.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rahman et al 2 studied the P leaching rate in both struvite and fused superphosphate-urea-treated soil and found that P leaching was very slow during the first 2 weeks and then rapidly increased during the following weeks. Latifian et al 34 studied the release of nutrients in recovered struvite from wastewater and found that the total N, P, and Mg released in the distilled water after 105 days were in the ranges of 9.6− 23.2, 8.4−26.7, and 11.3−32.6%, respectively. These findings suggested that the dissolution and release of P resource from struvite might be slower than that of commercial fertilizer (i.e., CSP).…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Liu

Tao²,

Wen

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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One greenhouse pot experiment was used to investigate the availability of phosphorus in struvite derived from urine affected by soil pH (cinnamon soil, pH 7.3; paddy soil, pH 5.3) and irrigation water (pH 6.0 and 7.5) with bird rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). The biomass of applied struvite in paddy soil was significantly greater than that of applied calcium superphosphate. However, statistically significant differences were not observed in cinnamon soil. Soil-applied struvite had a higher Olsen P compared to soil-applied calcium superphosphate irrespective of soil type. The biomass of applied struvite and irrigation with pH 6.0 water was greater compared to that with irrigation with pH 7.3 water irrespective of soil type, accompanied with significantly higher leaf chlorophyll concentration. Therefore, struvite has the potential to be an effective P fertilizer, and acidic irrigation water has greater influence on the availability of phosphorus in struvite than does acidic soil. KEYWORDS: struvite, phosphorus, plant availability, soil, irrigation water ■ INTRODUCTIONPhosphorus (P), as an indispensable resource, is an essential nutrient for crop growth. The depletion timeline of P rock reserves ranges from 30 to 300 years.1 Although this estimation provides substantial uncertainty and more accurate data are lacking, there is no doubt regarding the irreversible depletion of high-concentration rock P reserves and the decline of the quality of the reserves (such as % P and presence of impurities) over time, 1 resulting in higher economic and energy cost for P exploitation. If P can be recovered in an economical way, it can re-enter the agricultural supply chain, displacing the consumption of traditional P fertilizer. It helps to create an ecofriendly environment by reducing the need for P rock 2 and to alleviate the P load emissions to water bodies. Human urine accounts for approximately 50% of the total P load in municipal wastewater, with <1% of the total wastewater volume.3 Direct application of urine in agriculture is feasible in practice. 4 However, huge quantities of separated urine are often difficult to transport and to store due to its unpleasant odor. Furthermore, health risk due to micropollutants and nitrogen (N) loss due to ammonia volatilization will be unavoidable during the application of urine to soil. Therefore, P recovery from urine in the form of struvite crystals will be a promising option with easy transportation, hygiene safety, and less nutrient loss.Struvite crystal is formed with an equal molar concentrations of magnesium (Mg), ammonium, and phosphate combined with six water molecules (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O), which contains 5.7% N, 12.6% P, and 9.9% Mg by weight. The solubility of struvite is highly dependent on pH, 5 and it is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline solutions, but readily soluble in acid solution. The P in the urine is mainly present as inorganic phosphate, and struvite obtained from urine has the advantages of higher P 2 O 5 content (28.9%) compared to common ...

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Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Liu

Tao²,

Wen

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of calcium ions in a process system results that the product is a mixture of struvite and calcium phosphates(V) [8]. It essentially restricts its possible application as a mineral fertilizer [9].The research results concerning continuous struvite reaction crystallization process from synthetic animal breeding wastewater (SABW), of chemical composition similar to liquid cattle manure, are compared [1], [4]. Concentration of phosphate(V) ions in this solution was 0.208 mass %.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recovery of Struvite from Synthetic Animal Wastewater by Continuous Reaction Crystallization Process

Kozik¹,

Hutnik²,

Wierzbowska³

et al. 2016

IJCEA

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Abstract-Experimental results concerning continuous process of phosphate(V) ions recovery from synthetic animal breeding wastewater were presented. It was concluded, that phosphate(V) ions precipitated as sparingly soluble salts: amorphous calcium phosphate(V) (above 70% in a product) and struvite (below 30%). Solid product contained also impurities, mainly in the form of co-precipitated sparingly soluble metal hydroxides. Product size did not exceed 80 m. Its mean size varied from ca. 15 to ca. 18 m. Population homogeneity was moderate, with high agglomeration effects. Excess of magnesium ions in relation to phosphate(V) ions concentration (molar ratio 1.2 : 1) in a feed influenced process course and its results advantageously. Struvite content in a product increased more than 20%. Product size also enlarged -mean size was ca. 17% larger.Index Terms-Struvite, synthetic animal breeding wastewater, continuous reaction crystallization, DT MSMPR crystallizer, product quality, phosphorus recycling. I. INTRODUCTIONAnimal breeding wastewaters, especially liquid manure, are recently regarded as inexpensive and easily accessible secondary sources of phosphorus compounds [1]. Depending on a given wastewater origin, its collection method and even storage conditions the phosphorus content varies from 0.2 to 0.4 mass % on the average. Recovery of phosphate(V) ions from animal breeding wastewater is a complex process, difficult in practical implementation [2], [3], mainly because of its chemical composition. Main problem is high nitrogen, potassium and calcium contents, similar to phosphorus content [4], as well as presence of other impurities (especially: zinc, manganese, boron, copper and iron). These can catalyse or inhibit nucleation of struvite, calcium phosphates(V) and other sparingly soluble salts or/and hydroxides, as well as influence further nuclei growth, thus product quality [5].Struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 •6H 2 O, MAP) precipitates after contacting magnesium (e.g. magnesium chloride) and ammonium ions with aqueous solution containing phosphate(V) ions and alkalisation of the resulting mixture (7 [7]. Presence of calcium ions in a process system results that the product is a mixture of struvite and calcium phosphates(V) [8]. It essentially restricts its possible application as a mineral fertilizer [9].The research results concerning continuous struvite reaction crystallization process from synthetic animal breeding wastewater (SABW), of chemical composition similar to liquid cattle manure, are compared [1], [4]. Concentration of phosphate(V) ions in this solution was 0.208 mass %. Crystallizer was provided with a feed assuming molar ratio PO 4 3-: Mg 2+ as 1 : 1 (stoichiometric conditions) and 1 : 1.2 (magnesium ions excess related to phosphate(V) ions concentration in struvite synthesis reaction). Process ran at pH 9 in temperature 298 K. Mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer was 3600 s. Chemical and phase compositions of the resulting products, solids size distributions, as well as their statistical...

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“…The product should not contain too large an amount of impurities co-precipitated from the wastewater (Hutnik et al, 2013a). Such a solid product can be of practical use, e.g., as mineral fertilizer (NPMg) in agriculture (de-Bashan and Bashan, 2004;Latifian et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Continuous Crystallizer Performance on Struvite Crystals Produced in Reaction Crystallization From Solutions Containing Phosphate(v) and Zinc(ii) Ions

Hutnik

Wierzbowska

Piotrowski

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Continuous reaction crystallization of struvite from aqueous solutions containing phosphate(V) (1.0 mass %) and zinc(II) ions (from 0.1 to 2.0 mg kg -1 ) in a continuous DT MSMPR crystallizer was investigated. The influence of pH (9 -11) and mean residence time (900 -3600 s) on the product characteristics and its chemical composition was tested. Struvite crystals of mean size 22-41 m were produced. An increase in Zn 2+ concentration decreased the mean crystal size and homogeneity. An elevation of the pH also decreased the struvite crystal size. Augmenting the mean residence time influenced product quality advantageously. Coexistence of struvite and Zn(OH) 2 in the product was confirmed analytically.

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Struvite-based fertilizer and its physical and chemical properties

Cited by 103 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Recovery of Struvite from Synthetic Animal Wastewater by Continuous Reaction Crystallization Process

Effect of Continuous Crystallizer Performance on Struvite Crystals Produced in Reaction Crystallization From Solutions Containing Phosphate(v) and Zinc(ii) Ions

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