Studbooks: the basis of breeding programmes

Glatston, Angela R.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02533.x

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Alternately, estimation of critical photoperiods and the relative timing of response can be performed for any population with sufficient latitudinal range. Animals breeding in zoos and other captive settings where accurate birthing data are accessible (Glatston, 1986) can readily be subjected to these analyses. The resulting information can enhance captive breeding programmes.…”

Section: Population-based Photoperiod Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod control of birth timing in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

Temte

1994

Journal of Zoology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With 4 figures in the text)The harbour seal (Phoca uitulina) has delayed implantation, precise annual birth timing, and significant latitudinal variation in birth timing. The birth timing patterns of four distinct groups of seals, including colonies of P . D. citulina and colonies and captive individuals of P. c. richardsi, were examined using population-based photoperiod analysis to assess the role of photoperiod in setting annual birth timing. This analysis simultaneously determined the time, relative to birth, at which photoperiod response was likely to occur and the critical photoperiod.Despite marked differences in birth timing patterns, a high level ofagreement was found among groups for the timing of photoperiod response. The two subspecies, however, demonstrated significantly divergent critical photoperiods. Eastern Atlantic harbour seals were exposed to a common critical photoperiod of 11.7 h/day on the 268th pre-partum day. Wild Pacific harbour seals were exposed to 14.3 h/day on the 283rd pre-partum day. These times corresponded to the estimated occurrence of blastocyst implantation.Using the above information, three small captive populations were subjected to artificially prolonged photoperiods during the period of embryonic diapause to test whether subsequent birth timing could be delayed. Technical difficulties invalidated results at two sites. At the third and largest colony, the mean pupping date of six individuals was significantly delayed by 10.7 days.The precision and latitudinal variation of annual birth timing in the harbour seal are due to a response to photoperiod which occurs immediately prior to blastocyst implantation. The critical photoperiod, however, is divergent among subspecies and, thus, has probably evolved allowing seasonal adaptation. Similar environmental signalling has been described for California sea lions and northern fur seals and represents the likely timing mechanism for most pinniped species.

show abstract

Section: Population-based Photoperiod Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod control of birth timing in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

Temte

1994

Journal of Zoology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Life history information (e.g., seasonality of births, mean litter size, interbirth interval, sex ratio of litters, age at puberty) can be obtained from studbook data (c.f. Roberts, 1982;Glatston, 1986Glatston, , 1989Brennan, 1989;Lindburg et al, 1989;Yamada and Durrant, 1989).…”

Section: Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and interzoo studies used to address husbandry problems in some zoo vertebrates

Mellen

1994

Zoo Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In addition to genetic and demographic considerations, SSP coordinators have been asked to systematically address husbandry issues. Three approaches to the study of captive management issues are typically used: ( I ) large numbers of individuals are housed at a single institution maintained in a situation that facilitates systematic evaluation of the captive environment, ( 2 ) an investigator travels to many institutions to gather data on a single taxon, or (3) an investigator surveys existing information by assembling data from a large number of individuals at a variety of institutions. Each approach has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of feasibility and the type of results obtained. The use of surveys to obtain information about husbandry parameters from a large number of animals maintained at a variety of zoos is quite possibly the most common approach used among zoo managers. Zoo husbandry surveys are typically developed to address issues problematic to a particular species, including reproductive failure and health issues. Unfortunately, surveys appear to be an often misused research tool among zoo professionals. Surveys can be improved by working with psychologists or sociologists at local universities, by narrowing the focus of the survey's purpose, and by carefully constructing each question. INTRODUCTIONGenetic and demographic analyses of captive animal populations provide a basis for developing long-term breeding goals. However, the essence of such a plan is the maintenance and propagation of the individuals within specific captive populations. Whereas initial efforts of American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Species Survival Plans (SSPs) focused primarily on genetics and demographics, more recently these breeding programs have expanded to include systematic evaluation of the husReceived for publication November 29, 1993; revision accepted June 24, 1994 [Wemmer, Read, and Hutchins, 1993a,b]. SSP Coordinators have been encouraged to develop husbandry manuals for their species. The purpose of a husbandry manual is to delineate the basic components necessary for the maintenance and propagation of individuals within a population, to generate a scientific "recipe" for species management.Each species has its own unique set of requirements, so each captive population has a unique set of problems associated with it. The SSP Coordinator and Management Group assesses these problems and implements changes that will optimize captive conditions. The ultimate goal of an SSP is the maintenance of a self-sustaining captive population. An SSP masterplan provides individual-by-individual breeding recommendations based on genetic and demographic factors. However, practical day-to-day management of individuals, social requirements of the animals, and nutritional, behavioral, medical, and environmental requirements may preclude pairing individuals based solely on genetic and demographic considerations. In short, husbandry requirements of individuals may constrain implementation of the genetic and demograph...

show abstract

“…The most important component of captive‐breeding programmes involved in ex situ conservation is reliable and accurate basic population data. The best source of compiled data is a studbook, which is a chronology of a captive population listing vital information on animal identities, sexes, parentage, and birth and death dates, as well as information on animal movements between institutions and between in situ and ex situ populations (Glatston, ; Hutchins & Wiese, ; Ballou & Foose, ). A well‐managed studbook is imperative for the establishment and long‐term management of captive populations so they can fulfil their specific conservation goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the European captive Southern white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum population using the International Studbook for the African White Rhinoceros (2001–2004) and integrating reproductive health findings

Reid

Versteege²,

Ludwig

et al. 2012

International Zoo Yearbook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of ex situ conservation is to maintain genetic diversity, avoid inbreeding and maximize equal representation of founder individuals. Analysis of a wellmaintained studbook yields important data concerning fertility and mortality that is invaluable to ex situ conservation. To evaluate the reproductive status of the European captive Southern white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum population, basic demographics and population parameters were calculated using the International Studbook for the African White Rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) data with the integration of recent scientific findings regarding reproductive health of individuals within the 'reproductive age'. Kinship analysis of the 2001-2004 population was also performed to evaluate genetic diversity. Results indicated the population is declining 1·19 times faster than it is growing. To realize a 1% population increase at the 2001-2004 death rate, reproduction would have to increase by 214%. It is necessary to increase the genetically contributing subpopulation and to achieve a reproduction capacity that surpasses the rate currently possible with natural mating.

show abstract

Studbooks: the basis of breeding programmes

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Photoperiod control of birth timing in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

Photoperiod control of birth timing in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

Survey and interzoo studies used to address husbandry problems in some zoo vertebrates

Analysis of the European captive Southern white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum population using the International Studbook for the African White Rhinoceros (2001–2004) and integrating reproductive health findings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About