Student and Teacher Perceptions of Interaction in Online Computer‐Mediated Communication

Applying collaborative and e-learning tools to military distance learning: A research framework

“…A study by Mclsaac, Blocher, Mahes, and Vrasidas (1999) indicates that instructor time is divided into numerous tasks. In their study, e-learning instructors allocated their time to planning and preparation (10%), online teaching (17%), administration (15%), interaction with peers (21%), interaction with students (15%), and interaction with content (22%).…”

An examination of social presence in an online learning environment.

“…Learners are engaged in integrating new information into existing knowledge structures. Through the ongoing interaction between instructor and student and student and student, development of meaningful and valid knowledge structures are encouraged (McIsaac, Blocher, Mahes, & Vrasidas, 1999). According to McIsaac et al (1999), and Gunawardena and Zittle (1997), studies have shown that computer-mediated conferencing has the potential for learners to engage learners in discourse and establish a learning community.…”

“…Through the ongoing interaction between instructor and student and student and student, development of meaningful and valid knowledge structures are encouraged (McIsaac, Blocher, Mahes, & Vrasidas, 1999). According to McIsaac et al (1999), and Gunawardena and Zittle (1997), studies have shown that computer-mediated conferencing has the potential for learners to engage learners in discourse and establish a learning community. However, Walther (1992) claims that several of the studies conducted on computer-mediated conferencing measure the effectiveness of the media by asking individuals to rate the media.…”

“…Studies conducted on the effects of social presence in computer-mediated conferencing have indicated that it is possible to relay certain socio-emotional behaviors associated with intimacy and immediacy using the text-based features in computermediated technologies (Danchak et al, 2001;Gunawardena & Zittle, 1997;McIsaac, Blocher, Mahes, & Vrasidas, 1999). In spite of the characteristics of the medium, student perceptions of the social and human qualities of computer-mediated communication will depend on the social presence created by the instructor and the participants of the online community that is formed involving intimacy and immediacy behaviors (Gunawardena, 1995;Gunawardena & Zittle, 1997).…”

“…For example, many researchers (Kanuka & Anderson, 1998;McIsaac, Blocher, Mahes, Vrasidas, 1999) have investigated student and or instructor perceptions of online courses, only focusing on the interaction dimension. It has recently been found that to increase the level of online interaction, the degree of social presence must be increased (Tu, 2000).…”