“…Parents have a strong effect on their children's schooling, especially in terms of encouragement and expectations that they transmit to their children concerning the importance of education (Cheung & Pomerantz, 2015). For example, authoritative parenting, a stimulating home environment, and positive parental beliefs, expectations, and support have been shown to foster children's motivation and engagement in school at all ages (Aunola, Nurmi, Lerkkanen, & Rasku-Puttonen, 2003;Virtanen, Lerkkanen, Poikkeus, & Kuorelahti, 2014).…”