“…Intrinsically motivated online students demonstrate a deeper understanding of the course material (Hoskins & Van Hooff, 2005), exhibit a sustained interest in tasks (Xie, Debacker, & Ferguson, 2006), value independent learning (Kerr, Rynearson, & Kerr, 2006), and have lower attrition rates (Kim & Frick, 2011;Li, Lee, & Solomon, 2005). In comparison, autonomous, online extrinsically motivated students report engagement with the material (Bangert-Drowns & Pyke, 2001;Sansone, Fraughton, Zachary, Butner, & Heiner, 2011), improved performance (Patron & Lopez, 2011), higher quality learning (Kerr et al, 2006), and persistence (Miltiadou & Savenye, 2003;Vallerand & Bissonnette, 1992). Given that most students enroll in both F2F and online courses (Herbert, 2006), these findings provide little insight into how motivation might differ in F2F and online educational platforms.…”