Student employment among descendants of Turkish migrants in Amsterdam and Strasbourg

et al. 2016

Self Cite

103

We introduce what we have coined the multiplier effect. We explain the steep upward mobility of children of low-educated immigrants by studying how they overcome obstacles on their regular pathway, via alternative routes or through loopholes in the education and labour market system. The idea of the multiplier effect is that they virtually propel themselves forward in their careers. Essential is that each successful step forward offers new possibilities on which they build, thereby accumulating cultural and social capital and multiplying their chances of success. Initial small differences with their less successful co-ethnic peers generate an increasingly wider gap over time. Cultural and social capital theories primarily explain the reproduction of inequalities in society. The multiplier effect explains the breaking of the perpetual cycle of this reproduction, enabling steep upward mobility even when this group does not initially possess the right cultural and social capital to be successful.

Section: Differences Across Countries and Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Mechanisms Across Countries and Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiplier effect: how the accumulation of cultural and social capital explains steep upward social mobility of children of low-educated immigrants

Crul

Schneider

et al. 2016

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103

“…Turkish migration to the Netherlands and France took place in the same period under the guest worker migration scheme (Keskiner 2016). Today both countries accommodate around 500,000 Turkish migrants and their descendants.…”

Section: Network Organizations Of Successful Second-generation Turks mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonding or bridging? Professional network organizations of second-generation Turks in the Netherlands and France

Vermeulen

2016

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This article analyses network organizations founded by descendants of Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and France. By surveying members of two such organizations and interviewing several of their board members, we learn how these organizations function, their success in building and extending social networks, and their efficacy at improving labour market prospects for young second-generation professionals of Turkish descent. Our findings reveal a hybrid structure, whereby the organizations gear many of their activities towards mainstream society. In comparison to traditional immigrant organizations, their attitude is more open to other social groups, yet they still have a clear stronghold in the ethnic immigrant community. We conclude that ethnicity is not the main element in the successful second generation's organizing process. Factors such as educational trajectories, professional ambitions, feelings of responsibility for other members and newly acquired socioeconomic status are the main reasons for this group to organize.

“…According to previous studies, descendants of Turkish migrants are among the worst-performing groups in education: in 2008, 27 per cent of descendants of Turkish migrants aged 18-35 had left education without any diploma compared to 9 per cent of the general population, and only 14 per cent had managed to study to obtain a higher education diploma for two years or longer (Brinbaum, Moguérou, and Primon 2010). In a study on the descendants of migrants from Turkey in Strasbourg, Keskiner (2016) illustrated the strong work orientation that drives most young people out of school before they can attend higher education. Hence, those who have acquired a higher education degree form a minority among the descendants of migrants from Turkey (Crul, Schneider, and Lelie 2013;Keskiner 2013) and only a small group within this minority were able to access high-ranking positions in various sectors (also see the introduction to this special issue).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

How to reach the top? Fields, forms of capital, and strategies in accessing leadership positions in France among descendants of migrants from Turkey

Crul

2016

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This article explores the experiences of highly educated descendants of migrants from Turkey when achieving leading positions in the corporate business, education, and law sectors in France. It illustrates the forms of capital and strategies that are considered significant for accessing leadership positions in these sectors, and how experiences vary across different fields. Our research illuminates the various strategies pursued by descendants of migrants from Turkey in their pathways to attaining leadership positions, and suggests how similar forms of capital work in distinct ways across different sectors.