“…The rare causes such as LA enlargement in severe mitral regurgitation, dilated LV in severe aortic regurgitation, aortic aneurysm, and dilated aorta in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries as causes of the same have been explained by Patnaik and Vala and Raju. 30,31 Concept of hangout interval and its effect on seconds heart sound in both physiological and pathological states was explained in detail by Raju. 31 Balachanderexplained why pericardial knock doesnot change with respiration unlike LV s3.…”