“…The principals (The learner and learning, content, instructional practice, and professional responsibility) and the standards are as shown in Table 1. Clark and Paulsen (2016) discussed that when teachers use all the INTASC standards, they could help in developing their students' content knowledge, communication and cognitive skills, understanding the central concept of the curriculum, solving problems, and dealing with instructions (Moss & Lee, 2010). Like Kentucky Department of Education (2020), the university adopted a teaching framework that merges the INTASC standards and the Danielson Framework.…”