I would like to thank my committee chair, Scott Smalley, and my committee members, Michael Retallick, Greg Miller, Richard Stone, Doug Smith, and Benjamin Gleason for their guidance and support throughout the course of this research. I would also like to thank my family for helping through the years of work, my parents Kevin and Colleen Jumper. My brother and his family; Luke, Jamie, Amelia, Everett, and Anna. My sister Rachael and her daughters Isabella and Teagan.In addition, I would also like to thank my friends, colleagues, and the department faculty and staff for making my time at Iowa State University a wonderful experience. I offer my gratitude to those who took part in my surveys and observations; they were integral in making this dissertation a possibility.