“…A body of research on flipped learning shows a wide variety of positive outcomes (Author(s), XXXX; Andujar et al, 2020;Gianoni-Capenakas et al, 2019;Lee & Wallace, 2018;Lo et al, 2017;Presti, 2016;Şahin & Kurban, 2019b;Zou et al, 2020a). These studies J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f suggest that flipped learning is effective in increasing instructional flexibility (Gündüz & Akkoyunlu, 2019), students' self-efficacy and critical thinking (Lin et al, 2019;Zou et al, 2020a), and their satisfaction (Andujar et al, 2020), engagement (Lee & Wallace, 2018), motivation (Chen-Hsieh et al, 2017;Debbağ & Yıldız, 2021;Zou et al, 2020a), and performance (Hibbard et al, 2016;Strelan et al, 2020;Zou et al, 2020a). In general, flipped learning is felt to free up class time, allowing for more individual and small group instruction in the classroom (Yarbro et al, 2014).…”