Students’ and Parents’ Perceptions of Barriers to Cycling to School—An Analysis by Gender

Abstract

Internationally, there is increased emphasis on the need to reduce dependency on cars and to encourage more sustainable forms of travel, including active travel. To encourage increased levels of cycling, the focus has generally been on improving cycling infrastructure and on making cycling safer. While cycling rates have increased in many countries, including Ireland, women are often less likely to cycle than men. While there are some notable exceptions to this (for example, in the Netherlands) this phenomenon of lower cycling rates amongst women is common and research shows that the differences between male and female cycling rates can be seen from an early age. This paper explores the reasons why women are less likely to cycle than men, by examining the modal choices of school-going students, and the attitudes of their parents/guardians to their modal choices. The survey was conducted in the city of Limerick in the midwestern region of Ireland. The results show multi-factorial barriers to cycling to school for girls compared to boys. Uniforms, traffic concerns, physical efforts of cycling, effects on personal appearance, and peer-influences were factors affecting girls more than boys. Male parents/guardians did not significantly differentiate by the gender of their children in relation to factors associated with cycling to school, unlike female parents/guardians who were found to be significantly less supportive of their daughters than their sons. Additionally, parents/guardians were generally more likely to afford their male children greater independence in their school travel choices. While there are many considerations that would affect students’ perceptions towards cycling, an adjustment to the school uniform policy would, at least, remove the most significant barrier for girls. Further research must be carried out to determine how to shift the perceptions of the efforts associated with cycling, especially among girls, and how to encourage female parents/guardians to better support their daughters to cycle to school.

The built environment impacts on route choice from home to school for rural students: A stated preference experiment

“…The research on children's school travel behavior through school started late in China, and the research results are also relatively limited. In the existing literature, research on personal factors mainly includes age ( 11 – 14 ), gender ( 13 , 15 – 18 ), race ( 19 – 21 ), etc. Family factors mainly include family income ( 22 – 25 ), family car ownership rate ( 26 – 29 ), family driver's license ownership rate, parents' convenience of transportation ( 12 , 30 , 31 ), parents' attitude toward students' travel ( 16 , 32 – 34 ), number of brothers and sisters ( 32 , 35 ), parents' education level ( 20 , 29 ) and other family factors.…”

Exploring the Choice of Bicycling and Walking in Rajshahi, Bangladesh: An Application of Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) Models

“…Another study from Taiwan showed that good network connectivity was favorable for AT. Studies by Tuber and Sudeck (2021) and Higgins and Ahren (2021) showed that safety during walking or biking was an important factor influencing AT use in Germany and Ireland [49,50]. Tuber and Sudeck (2021) showed better security from neighborhood crimes enhanced the willingness of a student to walk to school.…”

“…Tuber and Sudeck (2021) showed better security from neighborhood crimes enhanced the willingness of a student to walk to school. Higgins and Ahren (2021) showed if safety from crime and vandalism can be ensured, people will use their bicylces more often [50]. Tuber and Sudeck (2021) revealed that when students were safe from vehicular traffic, their frequency to bicycle to school increased [49].…”

Exploring University Campus Community’s Perceptions and Barriers toward Biking: A Case Study of the University of Tennessee Knoxville

“…Despite these benefits, bicycle modal share remains low on many U.S. universities campuses, influenced by a lack of cycling infrastructure, societal norms, and the dimension of race. Transportation planners are searching for ways to bolster cycling at university campuses [5] [14] [15]. The various barriers that can prevent people from cycling include physical obstacles and societal perceptions.…”