Students' evacuation behavior during an emergency at schools: A systematic literature review

Behavioral patterns of children during emergency evacuations: a comparative analysis of experimental observations and simulation results

“…In summary, the aforementioned studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of child evacuation behavior, providing vital empirical data that can be instrumental in developing more accurate and reliable evacuation models. However, it is important to note that many of these studies have primarily focused on aggregate measures such as flow-density relations, exit utilization and total evacuation time, which fall under the category of collective behavior analyses [2,21]. While these provide valuable insights into overall patterns, individual-level measures, including specific evacuation times for each child and their local interactions with others, are equally critical for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes of observed phenomena.…”

“…These abilities, which develop progressively with age and experience, contribute to marked variations in evacuation behaviors among different demographic groups, e.g. the elderly [16], disabled individuals [4,[17][18][19][20] and children [21]. Consequently, children are particularly vulnerable in emergency evacuations due to their comparatively underdeveloped physical and cognitive capacities for analyzing and responding to such situations [21].…”

“…the elderly [16], disabled individuals [4,[17][18][19][20] and children [21]. Consequently, children are particularly vulnerable in emergency evacuations due to their comparatively underdeveloped physical and cognitive capacities for analyzing and responding to such situations [21]. In China alone, where the population of children aged 0-14 years exceeds 240 million [22], this vulnerability is pronounced.…”

“…Current research on the dynamics of child evacuation primarily encompasses empirical studies and modeling approaches [21]. Empirical research often focuses on analyzing data from real-life observations and evacuation drills [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Dual disasters: Seismic evacuation decision-making during COVID-19 lockdown: A case study of Luding earthquake, Sichuan Province

“…Experience and the results of pivotal studies revealed that human behavior during an emergency varies based on risk perception ( Xenidis and Kaltsidi, 2022 ; Ștefan Ionescu et al, 2021 ). People's risk perception can be affected by many factors, including individual characteristics and environmental factors ( Verdière et al, 2015 ; Bahmani et al, 2023 ). In recent research, scholars evaluated “ the effects of demographic, socio-economic features of people, and disaster experience/ knowledge ” on evacuation behavior ( Lee et al, 2018 ).…”