Students' Perceived Understanding Mediates the Effects of Teacher Clarity and Nonverbal Immediacy on Learner Empowerment

An Experimental Investigation of the Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Reactance in the College Classroom

“…For instance, clarity is related positively to cognitive learning, affective learning, state motivation (Chesebro, 2003;Chesebro & McCroskey, 2001;Houser & Frymier, 2009;Sidelinger & McCroskey, 1997;Titsworth, 2001aTitsworth, , 2001b, cognitive and emotional interest (Mazer, 2012(Mazer, , 2013a(Mazer, , 2013b, and academic self-efficacy (LaBelle, Martin, & Weber, 2013). Additionally, instructor clarity is associated with more efficient notetaking (Titsworth, 2004) and enhances student learner empowerment through perceived understanding (Finn & Schrodt, 2012). Moreover, instructor clarity appears to discourage undesirable student behaviors, as clarity is related negatively to state receiver apprehension (Chesebro, 2003;Chesebro & McCroskey, 1998) and frequency of students' in-class texting (Johnson, 2013).…”

Measurement in Instructional Communication Research: A Decade in Review

“…Collectively, these results suggest that the SPIUS possesses concurrent and discriminant validity. In a follow-up study, Finn and Schrodt (2012) found that students' perceptions of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy enhanced their understanding, which in turn positively predicted their learner empowerment. They concluded that perceived understanding functions as a key theoretical mechanism, further explaining the associations among student perceptions of instructors' communication behaviors and learner empowerment.…”

The effects of teacher immediacy and student burnout on empowerment and resistance among Turkish pre-service teachers

“…This technique has been used successfully in a previous research (e.g. Finn & Schrodt, 2012;Frymier et al, 1996). Administration of questionnaires was completed in approximately 20 min, after which students were debriefed about the study.…”