“…Emerick (1992) found that students identified themselves as one of the six critical factors in their underachievement and its reversal. They reported that their academic selfconcept, the degree to which the students saw themselves as able to be academically successful, impacted their effort and success (Emerick, 1992;Ford, 1989;Ford, 1992;Hoekman, McCormick, & Gross, 1999;Van Boxtel & Monks, 1992). Underachieving students were found to have an extemallocus of control, believing that their success was more closely related to innate ability (they should be able to naturally succeed) or to conditions beyond their control, rather than equating success with effort (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990;Ford, 1992;Luscombe & Riley, 2001;Peterson, 2001;Van Boxtel & Monks, 1992).…”