Studi Ekologi Hubungan Iklim Terhadap Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2013-2022

Abstract

Latar belakang: Terdapat 2.997.097 kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang dilaporkan hingga 1 Juli 2023, sebanyak 0,13% masuk dalam kategori berat. Pada akhir tahun 2022 jumlah kasus DBD di Indonesia mencapai 143.000 kasus, dengan angka kejadian DBD terbanyak berada di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklim terhadap kejadian DBD di Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2013-2022.Metode: Menggunakan studi ekologi time series dan jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder. Data iklim diperoleh dari website Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) dan data kasus DBD diperoleh dari Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia dan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada November-Desember 2023. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Kejadian DBD tidak berhubungan dengan variabel suhu yaitu koefisien korelasi (r) -0,097 dan p value 0,297 pada lag 1 bulan. Kejadian DBD berhubungan dengan variabel kelembapan yaitu (r) 0,451 dan p value 0,0001 serta variabel curah hujan yaitu (r) 0,352 dan p value 0,0001 pada lag 1 bulan.Simpulan: Variabel suhu tidak berhubungan sementara kelembapan dan curah hujan berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD, terdapat suhu ekstrem yang menyebabkan produksi telur menurun sehingga potensi penularan DBD rendah serta semakin tinggi kelembapan dan curah hujan menyebabkan produksi nyamuk meningkat sehingga potensi penularan DBD tinggi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kerja sama antara pemerintah dan masyarakat agar kasus DBD dapat mengalami penurunan, di antaranya edukasi masyarakat terus menerus dan pemerintah menyusun kebijakan terkait pengendalian dan pencegahan DBD. ABSTRACT Title: Ecological Study of Climate Influence on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Incidence in Bogor Regency 2013-2022Background: There were 2,997,097 Dengue Fever (DHF) cases reported until July 1, 2023, 0.13% of which were categorized as severe. By the end of 2022, the number of DHF cases in Indonesia reached 143,000 cases, with the highest number of DHF cases in the provinces of West Java, East Java and Central Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climate on the incidence of DHF in Bogor Regency in 2013-2022.Method: Using time series ecological studies and the type of data used is secondary data. Climate data was obtained from the website of the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency and DHF case data was obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and the Bogor District Health Office. The research was conducted in November-December 2023. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with the Spearman Correlation test.Result: The incidence of DHF was not related with the temperature variable, namely the correlation coefficient (r) -0.097 and p value 0.297 at a lag of 1 month. The incidence of DHF is related to the humidity variable, namely (r) 0.451 and p value 0.0001 and the rainfall variable, namely (r) 0.352 and p value 0.0001 at a lag of 1 month.Conclusion: Temperature variables are not related while humidity and rainfall are related to the incidence of DHF, there are extreme temperatures that cause egg production to decrease so that the potential for DHF transmission is low and the higher the humidity and rainfall causes mosquito production to increase so that the potential for DHF transmission is high. Therefore, cooperation between the government and the community is needed so that dengue cases can decrease, including continuous community education and the government formulating policies related to dengue control and prevention.