Studi Etnobotani Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) dan Kearifan Budaya Lokal Masyarakat di Sekitar Hutan Wonosadi Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta

Abstract

Dioscorea spp. were cultivated as alternative food in the garden and yard on dry season, and it's planted by peoples in the villages. The objectives of the research are to identify the species, the tuber use, and the local wisdom to support the conservation of Dioscorea around Wonosadi forest. Samples and data collection was conducted in 15 villages around Wonosadi forest. Interview survey was done on peoples who are cultivate yam species (Dioscorea spp.) in their garden. Research were emphasized to tuber characteristic, traditional uses, and local wisdom to supporting yam conservation. Data was analyzed descriptively to illustrate the kind of local usage and local wisdom of connect with Dioscorea spp. The results showed that there were found species of gembili (D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk.), uwi (D. alata L.), and gadung (D. hispida dennst.) as cultivated plants, and tomboreso (D. pentaphylla L.), gembolo (D. bulbifera L.), and jebubuk (D. numularia Lamk.) as wild species in the forest. Tuber is raw material for many kind of food based on carbohydrate content. Gadung were used as fickle food with high diversification and insecticide for rice and corn. Peoples more consume gembili and uwi than gembolo and others species as rice substitute at dry season. The local wisdom were indicated that peoples still consume gembili and uwi as rice substitute, while tuber also used as sesaji in traditional concept jajan pasar or tukon pasar, and tuber of uwi was used as diet for diabetes complaint, and row material of uwi ungu tuber was used effectively for diarrhea complaint in the villages. ABSTRAKDioscorea spp. adalah tanaman pangan alternatif di halaman dan kebun pada musim kering, dan ditanam oleh masyarakat di pedesaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi spesies, manfaat umbi, dan kearifan lokal yang mendukung pelestarian Dioscorea spp. di sekitar hutan Wonosadi, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Koleksi sampel dan data dilakukan pada 15 desa di sekitar hutan Wonosadi. Survei interview dilakukan pada masyarakat yang menanam Dioscorea spp. di kebun atau halaman rumah, dan dititikberatkan beratkan pada karakter khas umbi, pemanfaatan tradisional, dan kearifan budaya masyarakat yang mendukung pelestarian Dioscorea spp. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan karakter khas spesies Dioscorea, pemanfaatan tradisional, dan bentuk kearifan budaya masyarakat terkait dengan tanaman Dioscorea spp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan spesies gembili (D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk.), uwi (D. alata L.), dan gadung (D. hispida dennst.) sebagai tanaman budidaya dan Tomboreso (D. pentaphylla L.), gembolo (D. bulbifera L.), dan jebubuk (D. numularia Lamk.) sebagai spesies liar di hutan. Umbi merupakan bahan dasar berbagai macam makanan berbasis karbohidrat. Gadung dimanfaatkan untuk ceriping juga insektisida bagi padi dan jagung. Masyarakat lebih mengkonsumsi umbi gembili dan uwi daripada gembolo dan jenis lainnya sebagai pengganti beras di musim kering. Kearifan lokal ditunjukan dengan masih mengkonsumsi umbi gembili dan ...

The Diversity And Classification Of Intraspecies Of Gembolo (Dioscorea Bulbifera L.) Based On Morphological Character

“…Based on the eigenvalue, it was known that the grouping separated by the first axis, which divided 12 gembolo accessions into groups I and II was mainly influenced by the factor of underground tuber shape, stem color, leaf shape, mature leaf color, petiole color, underground tuber size, aerial tuber diameter and aerial tuber flesh color. In line with the research of Purnomo et al (2012) which stated that morphological characters affecting the separation of green and purplish red cultivar groups on Dioscorea alata L. plants were tuber shape, tuber flesh color, leaf tip and leaf base, petiole base and leaf venation.…”

“…Gembolo is one of the plants that become the source of carbohydrates and has a strategic potential as one of the functional food reserves in the future. Dioscorea has a superiority when compared with other tuber crops because it is easy to grow in critical areas without significant treatment [8].…”

Keanekaragaman Dioscorea spp dan habitatnya di Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah Diversity and habitat of Dioscorea spp in Kudus, Central Java

“…Dioscorea spp mudah tumbuh dan cenderung lebih kuat terhadap cekaman lingkungan (Eprilianti, 2000). Dioscorea spp memiliki nilai glikemik yang rendah sehingga baik untuk dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes militus (Purnomo et al,2012).…”

The concentration of NaCl soaking to decreasing cyanide levels in Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst)

“…Gadung plants are easy to grow in critical land without special care. 1 Gadung plants grow wild in dry forestlands and can be cultivated in a home garden. This plant grows at an altitude of 850 -1,200 meters above sea level.…”